The Coordinates of a point with reference to the preceding point are called___

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Option A: Consecutive Coordinates

Explanation & Concepts:
Consecutive coordinates (also known as dependent coordinates) are the latitude and departure of a traverse line calculated with respect to the immediately preceding station. Latitude represents the north-south distance component, while departure represents the east-west distance component relative to the prior point.

Working Principle: In traverse surveying, each station's relative position is determined sequentially using the length and reduced bearing of the connecting line. The latitude is computed as $L \cos(	heta)$ and the departure as $L \sin(	heta)$, where $L$ is the line length and $	heta$ is the reduced bearing relative to the preceding point.

Key Formulas: $	ext{Latitude} = L \cos(	heta)$ — North-South projection relative to preceding point; $	ext{Departure} = L \sin(	heta)$ — East-West projection relative to preceding point

Key Points: Consecutive coordinates are also referred to as dependent coordinates because they depend on the location of the previous survey station.; Independent coordinates (or total latitude and total departure) are referenced with respect to a single fixed common origin.

Advantages: Simplifies local traverse computations line by line.; Allows easy checking of consecutive latitude and departure sum errors for closed traverses.

Disadvantages: Error in one point propagates directly to all subsequent consecutive points.; Does not directly give the absolute global position without summing up from the origin.

Applications: Computation of closed and open traverse survey networks in theodolite surveying.; Calculation of interior area and closing errors in land surveying.

Additional Info: Independent coordinates of a station are obtained by algebraically adding the consecutive coordinates of all preceding lines to the coordinates of the initial station.. Option B is incorrect because independent coordinates are referenced to a common fixed origin, not the preceding point.. Option C is incorrect because total latitude or departure refers to the cumulative independent coordinates with respect to the origin.

Answer: A is correct — The coordinates of a survey point measured relative to the preceding point are defined as consecutive coordinates.

Exam Tip: Always remember: Consecutive coordinates depend on the *previous* point, whereas Independent coordinates depend on a *fixed origin*.

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Option B: Independent Coordinates

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Option C: Total (latitude or departure)

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Option D: None of the above

Feature	Consecutive Coordinates	Independent Coordinates
Reference Point	Immediately preceding station	Common fixed origin
Alternative Name	Dependent Coordinates / Local Lat & Dep	Total Coordinates / Total Lat & Dep

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