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The phenomenon of rise in receiving end voltage of the open circuited or lightly loaded line is called
Proximity effect
Skin effect
Ferranti effect
Seebeck effect
Ferranti effect
The Ferranti effect is the phenomenon where the voltage at the receiving end of a long transmission line is higher than the voltage at the sending end when the line is open-circuited or lightly loaded. This occurs due to the charging current drawn by the shunt capacitance of the line.
The Ferranti effect is the phenomenon where the voltage at the receiving end of a long transmission line is higher than the voltage at the sending end when the line is open-circuited or lightly loaded. This occurs due to the charging current drawn by the shunt capacitance of the line.
ICтАЛ=VSтАЛтЛЕj╧ЙC тАФ The charging current flowing through the line capacitance
╬ФV=VSтАЛVRтАЛтИТVSтАЛтАЛтЙИ2╧Й2LCтАЛ тАФ The approximate percentage rise in receiving end voltage
In long transmission lines, the shunt capacitance is significant. When the line is open-circuited, the charging current flows through the line inductance. This current leads the sending end voltage by 90 degrees. As it flows through the series inductance, it creates a voltage drop that is in phase opposition to the sending end voltage, leading to a rise in voltage at the receiving end.
It is significant only in long transmission lines (> 200 km).
It is negligible in short and medium transmission lines.
The effect is caused by the line's shunt capacitance.
Can be mitigated by using shunt reactors at the receiving end.
Useful in specific testing scenarios
Provides inherent reactive power compensation
May lead to insulation failure at the receiving end
Causes over-voltage stress on equipment connected to the load end
Used as a design consideration in extra-high voltage (EHV) line protection
Basis for calculating required shunt reactor compensation
Skin effect relates to non-uniform current distribution in conductors.
Proximity effect relates to current distortion due to neighboring conductors.
Seebeck effect relates to thermoelectric voltage generation in junctions.
C is correct тАФ The Ferranti effect describes the voltage rise at the receiving end of a lightly loaded long transmission line due to the charging current flowing through line inductance.
Always remember that the Ferranti effect is primarily a 'long line' phenomenon; for a line length < 80 km, you can generally ignore it in basic calculations.