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The potential difference, V, across the ends of a given metallic wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided its temperature remains the same. This is known as:
Ohm's law
Resistance law
Newton's law
Ampere's law
Ohm's law
Ohm's law states that the potential difference (V) across the ends of a given metallic wire is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, provided its physical conditions like temperature remain constant. The constant of proportionality is known as the resistance (R) of the wire.
Ohm's law states that the potential difference (V) across the ends of a given metallic wire is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, provided its physical conditions like temperature remain constant. The constant of proportionality is known as the resistance (R) of the wire.
Think of electrical voltage as water pressure in a pipe, current as the rate of water flow, and resistance as the narrowness of the pipe. Higher pressure pushes more water through, just as higher voltage drives more current through a resistor.
VIR: Voltage equals Current times Resistance (V=I├ЧR)
V=I├ЧR тАФ Ohm's law equation relating Voltage, Current, and Resistance
R=╧БAlтАЛ тАФ Expression for electrical resistance in terms of resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area
When a potential difference is applied across a metallic conductor, an electric field is established inside the conductor, exerting a force on the free electrons. This causes them to drift, creating an electric current (I). According to Ohm's law, the ratio of voltage to current remains constant at a given temperature, mathematically expressed as V=I├ЧR.
Ohm's law holds true only if the temperature of the metallic conductor remains constant.
Materials that obey Ohm's law are called ohmic conductors (e.g., metallic wires).
The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (╬й).
The slope of the V-I graph gives the resistance of the conductor.
Provides a simple linear relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
Essential for circuit analysis and design in electrical engineering.
Does not apply to non-ohmic devices like diodes, transistors, and electrolytes.
Fails at extreme temperatures where resistance changes significantly due to heating effects.
Calculating current in household electrical appliances
Designing voltage dividers and current-limiting resistors in electronic circuits
Named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who published the law in 1827.
Option B (Resistance law) refers to factors affecting resistance (R=╧Бl/A). Option C (Newton's law) relates to mechanics. Option D (Ampere's law) relates to magnetic fields produced by electric currents.
A is correct тАФ Ohm's law states that the potential difference across a metallic wire is directly proportional to the current flowing through it at constant temperature.
In competitive exams, remember that the V-I graph has Current on the x-axis and Voltage on the y-axis, meaning the slope is V/I=R. If Voltage is on the x-axis and Current on the y-axis, the slope is I/V=1/R (conductance).
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