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The primary objective of crossbreeding in dairy cattle is to obtain an animal with:
High yield and disease resistance
Smaller body size and low feed consumption
Increased aggression and speed
Shorter lactation period
High yield and disease resistance
Crossbreeding is a selective breeding technique that involves mating two different breeds of cattle to combine desirable traits into a single offspring. The primary goal is to achieve 'heterosis' or hybrid vigor, which results in offspring superior to both parents in production traits and hardiness.
Crossbreeding is a selective breeding technique that involves mating two different breeds of cattle to combine desirable traits into a single offspring. The primary goal is to achieve 'heterosis' or hybrid vigor, which results in offspring superior to both parents in production traits and hardiness.
Think of it like building a smartphone: you combine the best screen from one manufacturer with the longest-lasting battery from another to create a superior device that excels in both display quality and battery life.
H-H (Hybrid = High-performance + Health/Hardiness).
H=P╦ЙF1тАЛтИТP╦ЙтАЛ├Ч100% тАФ represents the percentage of heterosis (hybrid vigor) gained over parental average performance.
The principle relies on the genetic phenomenon of hybrid vigor, where crossbred individuals show improved biological functions compared to their purebred parents. By crossing a high-yielding exotic breed (e.g., Holstein) with a disease-resistant indigenous breed (e.g., Sahiwal), breeders create offspring that inherit the metabolic efficiency for high milk production and the physiological resilience required for local environmental stressors.
Crossbreeding exploits the genetic diversity present in different cattle breeds.
The F1 generation usually exhibits the maximum benefit of heterosis.
It is a sustainable method to improve livestock economy in tropical regions.
Indigenous cattle provide traits like heat tolerance and resistance to tick-borne diseases.
Increased milk yield
Better adaptation to local climatic conditions
Improved fertility and growth rates
Potential loss of rare indigenous genetic purity if not managed
Management of crossbreds often requires higher nutritional inputs
Development of breeds like Karan Swiss in India
Improving cattle productivity in dairy cooperative sectors
Exotic breeds are generally high milk yielders but susceptible to tropical diseases.
Option B is incorrect because smaller body size and low feed intake do not equate to high dairy productivity.
Option C is incorrect because aggression is undesirable in dairy cattle, which must be docile for handling.
Option D is incorrect because a longer lactation period is actually desired in dairy cattle to maintain continuous production.
A is correct тАФ Crossbreeding aims to combine the high milk production capacity of exotic breeds with the innate disease resistance and climatic adaptability of indigenous breeds.
In exams, remember that 'improvement in food resources' focuses on 'quantity' (yield) and 'quality' (nutritional value + resilience).