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The process of converting vapor into liquid is known as ____________.
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublimation
Freezing
Condensation
Condensation is the phase transition where matter changes from a gaseous or vapor state into a liquid state. This process occurs when the kinetic energy of the gas molecules decreases, allowing intermolecular attractive forces to pull the molecules together to form a liquid.
Condensation is the phase transition where matter changes from a gaseous or vapor state into a liquid state. This process occurs when the kinetic energy of the gas molecules decreases, allowing intermolecular attractive forces to pull the molecules together to form a liquid.
Think of water droplets forming on the outside of a cold soda can on a hot day; the water vapor in the air loses heat to the cold surface and turns into liquid water.
C-G-L: Cooling Gas turns to Liquid.
Q=m├ЧLvтАЛ тАФ where Q is the latent heat, m is the mass, and LvтАЛ is the latent heat of vaporization.
As a gas cools, the average kinetic energy of its molecules decreases, reducing their random motion. This allows the intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding, to dominate, causing the gas molecules to cluster and enter the liquid phase. The process is exothermic, meaning it releases latent heat of vaporization, denoted as LvтАЛ, into the surroundings.
Condensation is an exothermic process.
It is the reverse of vaporization.
It requires the removal of thermal energy from the vapor.
The temperature at which condensation begins is known as the dew point.
Fundamental in the water cycle (formation of clouds/rain).
Essential in distillation processes and power generation cycles.
Can lead to moisture buildup, mold, and corrosion in mechanical systems if not managed.
Formation of dew and clouds in the atmosphere.
Distillation of liquids in chemistry laboratories.
Steam turbines in power plants.
| Feature | Evaporation | Condensation |
|---|---|---|
Phase Change | Liquid to Vapor | Vapor to Liquid |
Evaporation: Liquid turning into gas.
Sublimation: Solid turning directly into gas.
Freezing: Liquid turning into solid.
Condensation occurs when the vapor pressure of the substance is greater than its saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature.
B is correct тАФ Condensation is the phase change process where vapor molecules lose kinetic energy and bond together to form a liquid.
Always remember that phase changes involving a decrease in temperature (condensation, freezing) release latent heat, while those requiring an increase in temperature (evaporation, melting) absorb latent heat.
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