The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower is called ________, whereas the transf

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The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower is called ________, whereas the transfer of pollen to a different flower is called ________.

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option A: Self-pollination; Cross-pollination. Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower on a separate plant of the same species.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower on a separate plant of the same species.

Working Principle: Pollination is the essential precursor to fertilization in angiosperms. In self-pollination, the plant ensures reproductive success with minimal energy investment, while cross-pollination relies on external agents like wind (anemophily), water (hydrophily), or animals (zoophily) to move gametes, promoting genetic diversity through recombination.

Key Formulas: $G_{d} = R_{p} + M_{i}$ — where $G_{d}$ represents genetic diversity, $R_{p}$ is recombination potential, and $M_{i}$ is mutation introduction.

Key Points: Self-pollination leads to homozygous offspring, maintaining pure lines.; Cross-pollination results in heterozygous offspring, increasing genetic variation.; Cross-pollination is necessary for evolutionary adaptation and survival in changing environments.

Advantages: Self-pollination: Does not rely on external agents; preserves desirable traits.; Cross-pollination: Leads to higher genetic diversity; produces stronger, healthier seeds.

Disadvantages: Self-pollination: Reduces genetic variability; can lead to inbreeding depression.; Cross-pollination: Depends on external pollinators; energy-intensive to attract them.

Applications: Selective breeding for crop uniformity.; Hybrid seed production for increased yield.

Additional Info: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes, which occurs after successful pollination.. Germination is the process by which a seed embryo develops into a seedling, not a mode of pollen transfer.. Option B is the exact reverse of the biological reality.

Answer: A is correct — Self-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen within the same flower, whereas cross-pollination involves transfer between different flowers.

Exam Tip: Remember that cross-pollination is the primary driver of genetic diversity in plants; always associate it with 'variation' for exam questions on evolutionary advantages.

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Option B: Cross-pollination; Self-pollination

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Option C: Fertilization; Germination

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Option D: Germination; Fertilization

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