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Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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ElectricalBasic Electrical
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The value of power factor in pure capacitor circuit is

A

0

B

1

C

∞\infty∞

D

VIVIVI

Correct Answer

Concept & PrincipleElectricalBasic Electrical
Option A

0

Quick Summary: In a pure capacitor circuit, the current leads the voltage by a phase angle of $90^\circ$ (${\pi}/2$ radians). Since the power factor is defined as the cosine of this phase angle ($\cos \phi$), and $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$, the power factor of a pure capacitor is exactly 0.

💡 Explanation

In a pure capacitor circuit, the current leads the voltage by a phase angle of 90°90°90° (π/2{\pi}/2π/2 radians). Since the power factor is defined as the cosine of this phase angle (cos⁡ϕ\cos \phicosϕ), and cos⁡(90°)=0\cos(90°) = 0cos(90°)=0, the power factor of a pure capacitor is exactly 0.

🔢 Key Formulas

P.F.=cos⁡(ϕ)P.F. = \cos(\phi)P.F.=cos(ϕ) — Definition of Power Factor

ϕ=90°\phi = 90°ϕ=90° — Phase difference in pure capacitor

⚙️ Working Principle

A pure capacitor does not dissipate real power; it only stores and releases energy in the form of an electric field. Because the current waveform leads the voltage waveform by 90°90°90°, there is no component of current in phase with the voltage, leading to zero active power consumption.

📌 Key Points
  • ▸

    Pure capacitive circuits are purely reactive components.

  • ▸

    The power factor is described as 'leading' because the current leads the voltage.

  • ▸

    Real power (P=VIcos⁡ϕP = VI \cos \phiP=VIcosϕ) consumed by a pure capacitor is always zero.

✅ Advantages
  • ▸

    Used for power factor correction in industrial loads.

  • ▸

    Improves voltage regulation in transmission lines.

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations
  • ▸

    Cannot be found in practical circuits as they always possess some equivalent series resistance (ESR).

🛠️ Applications / Uses
  • ▸

    Capacitor banks in power systems.

  • ▸

    Filters in electronic power supplies.

📄 Additional Information
  • ▸

    A pure resistor has a power factor of 1 (unity).

  • ▸

    A pure inductor has a power factor of 0 (lagging).

📊 Diagram / Illustration
Power Factor CalculationResistance (R)Impedance (Z)For pure capacitor, R = 0, so Power Factor = 0
✅

A is correct — The power factor is 0 because the phase angle between voltage and current in a purely capacitive circuit is 90°90°90°, and cos⁡(90°)=0\cos(90°) = 0cos(90°)=0.

Core Concepts Used
Click any tag to open in AI Tutor
Phase difference Reactive Power Power Factor
💡 EXAM TIP

Remember: RLC circuits have a power factor between 0 and 1; only ideal reactive elements (L or C) have a power factor of 0.

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