The variation of a quantity such as voltage or current shown on a graph is known as

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Waveform

Explanation: A waveform is a graphical representation of the variation of a physical quantity, such as voltage or current, with respect to time. It provides a visual profile of how the signal behaves over a complete cycle or interval.

Working Principle: As time progresses on the horizontal axis (x-axis), the instantaneous value of the signal (y-axis) is plotted. For AC signals, this results in periodic patterns such as sinusoidal, square, or triangular waveforms, which are critical for analyzing power quality and signal transmission.

Key Formulas: $v(t) = V_m \sin(\omega t)$ — Sinusoidal voltage waveform representation; $T = \frac{1}{f}$ — Periodic time of a waveform

Key Points: Waveforms allow for the visualization of frequency, amplitude, and phase shift.; Common periodic waveforms include sine, cosine, sawtooth, and square waves.; Non-periodic waveforms (transient signals) do not repeat over time.

Advantages: Enables easy identification of signal characteristics.; Simplifies analysis of harmonic content and power factor.

Disadvantages: Requires equipment like an Oscilloscope to capture accurately in real-time.; Can be complex to interpret in multi-phase or distorted systems.

Applications: Power system monitoring and diagnostic testing.; Communication signal processing and modulation analysis.

Additional Info: Option B (Peak value) refers to the maximum amplitude of the wave.. Option C (Instantaneous value) is the value at a specific point in time.. Option D (Period) is the time taken to complete one full cycle.

Answer: A is correct — The graphical representation of a time-varying quantity like voltage or current is called a waveform.

Exam Tip: Remember that while a waveform shows the shape, the 'Peak value' is just one scalar property of that wave. Always look for keywords like 'variation over time' to identify waveform-related questions.

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