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Two resistors of 8 Ω and 12 Ω are connected in series with a 10 V battery. What is the current flowing through the circuit?
0.5 A
1.0 A
2.0 A
0.2 A
0.5 A
The correct answer is 0.5 A. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances, and the current remains constant throughout the path, determined by Ohm's Law.
The correct answer is 0.5 A. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances, and the current remains constant throughout the path, determined by Ohm's Law.
Think of resistors in series as a series of narrow pipes in a single water line; the water (current) experiences total resistance by passing through each constriction sequentially.
V-I-R (Vir): Voltage equals Current times Resistance.
Req=R1+R2+...+Rn — Total resistance in series
I=ReqV — Ohm's Law for circuit current
When resistors are connected in series, the total equivalent resistance (Req) is calculated as Req=R1+R2. Once Req is found, the current (I) flowing through the entire circuit is calculated using Ohm's Law, which states I=ReqV, where V is the voltage of the battery.
In a series circuit, current (I) is the same through all components.
Total resistance (Req) in series is always greater than any individual resistor.
Voltage (V) is divided across resistors proportional to their resistance values.
Simple circuit construction
Current remains consistent regardless of resistor placement
If one component fails, the entire circuit is broken
Voltage drops across each resistor reduce the potential available to others
String lights (traditional types)
Voltage dividers in electronic circuits
Total resistance = 8Ω+12Ω=20Ω.
Current = 20Ω10V=0.5A.
Option B (1.0 A) is incorrect as it assumes R=10Ω; Option C (2.0 A) assumes R=5Ω; Option D (0.2 A) assumes R=50Ω.
A is correct — The total resistance of the series circuit is 20Ω, and applying Ohm's Law with a 10V source yields a current of 0.5A.
Always verify if the resistors are in series or parallel before calculating total resistance; series adds directly, while parallel uses the reciprocal sum rule Req1=R11+R21.
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