What is the chemical formula for ammonia? | General Science MCQ | Examoogle

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What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

$H_2O$

$CO_2$

$\text{Na Cl}$

$NH_3$

Correct Answer

🔬 SC • Science Concept & PrincipleGeneral ScienceChemistry

Option D

$NH_3$

Quick Summary:

The chemical formula for ammonia is $NH_3$ . It consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

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🔬SCScience SolutionConcept & Principle

💡 Explanation

The chemical formula for ammonia is $NH_3$ . It consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

💡 Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

Think of ammonia like a tripod where the nitrogen atom sits at the top (the center) and three hydrogen atoms form the legs to provide stability.

🧠 Memory Mnemonic / Shortcut Aid

N (Nitrogen) has 3 H (Hydrogens) friends: 'N-H-3'.

🔢 Key Formulas

$NH_3$ — Chemical formula of ammonia

$N_2 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3$ — Haber process reaction

⚙️ Working Principle

Ammonia is formed via the Haber process, where nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas react at high temperature and pressure: $N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3$ . The nitrogen atom uses three of its valence electrons to form single covalent bonds with the three hydrogen atoms, leaving one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

📌 Key Points

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Ammonia is a colorless, pungent gas.
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It acts as a weak base due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
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It is highly soluble in water to form ammonium hydroxide ( $NH_4OH$ ).

✅ Advantages

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Essential precursor for fertilizers
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Used in refrigeration systems
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Key component in cleaning products

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations

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Toxic if inhaled in high concentrations
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Corrosive to certain metals like copper

🛠️ Applications / Uses

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Production of urea and other nitrogen-based fertilizers
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Industrial manufacture of nitric acid and explosives

📄 Additional Information

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Option A ( $H_2O$ ) is Water.
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Option B ( $CO_2$ ) is Carbon Dioxide.
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Option C ( $\text{Na Cl}$ ) is Sodium Chloride (Table Salt).

📊 Diagram / Illustration

✅

D is correct — The chemical formula for ammonia is $NH_3$ , representing one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

Core Concepts Used

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Covalent bonding Chemical nomenclature Molecular geometry

💡 EXAM TIP

Always distinguish between ammonia ( $NH_3$ ) and ammonium ( $NH_4^+$ ); the latter is an ion formed when ammonia gains a proton in an acidic medium.

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