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What is the full form of ‘REM’ ?
Rapid Elevation Measurement
Remote Elevation Measurement
Raster Elevation Measurement
Ranging Elevation Measurement
Remote Elevation Measurement
REM stands for Remote Elevation Measurement. It is a specialized function integrated into Total Stations that allows the operator to determine the height of an inaccessible point above a ground station without the need for a reflector (prism) to be placed at that exact target location.
REM stands for Remote Elevation Measurement. It is a specialized function integrated into Total Stations that allows the operator to determine the height of an inaccessible point above a ground station without the need for a reflector (prism) to be placed at that exact target location.
h=Dtan(α) — height calculation formula for REM
ΔH=Hi+Dtan(α)−hprism — elevation of point relative to instrument height
The total station uses trigonometric principles to calculate the height. First, the observer sights a prism placed at the base of the object (or a point of known elevation) to determine the horizontal distance (D) and the reference vertical angle. The telescope is then tilted upward to the inaccessible point (e.g., top of a building), and the instrument records the new vertical angle (α). The height h is then calculated using the relationship h=D×tan(α).
REM is vital for surveying inaccessible features like transmission lines, bridges, or building heights.
It requires the user to know the horizontal distance to the point vertically below the inaccessible target.
Accuracy depends on the precision of the horizontal distance measurement and the vertical angle tracking.
Eliminates the need for physical access to the target point.
Reduces time and labor costs in urban site measurements.
Highly efficient for measuring vertical structures.
Accuracy decreases significantly with large horizontal distances.
Requires stable setup and accurate calibration of the vertical axis.
Sensitive to atmospheric refraction at large angles.
Measurement of bridge clearances.
Height estimation of high-rise building facades.
Verification of sag in overhead power lines.
Most modern Total Stations include a specific 'REM' mode in the software menu which automates the triangulation process.
Incorrect options were purely invented terminology; 'Elevation Measurement' is common in surveying, but 'Remote' correctly describes the non-contact nature of this feature.
B is correct — REM (Remote Elevation Measurement) allows for determining the elevation of points where placing a prism is physically impossible or impractical.
Always ensure the horizontal distance (D) is accurately measured to the base point; an error in D leads to an amplified error in h as the vertical angle α increases.