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What is the primary objective of hybridization in crop improvement?
To increase the usage of chemical fertilizers
To combine desirable traits from two genetically different parents
To reduce the water requirement of plants to zero
To eliminate the need for sunlight in plants
To combine desirable traits from two genetically different parents
Hybridization is a breeding technique used in agriculture to cross-breed two genetically distinct plant varieties. The primary goal is to combine beneficial traits, such as disease resistance, higher yield, and environmental adaptability, into a single offspring known as a hybrid.
Hybridization is a breeding technique used in agriculture to cross-breed two genetically distinct plant varieties. The primary goal is to combine beneficial traits, such as disease resistance, higher yield, and environmental adaptability, into a single offspring known as a hybrid.
Think of it like mixing two unique music tracks to create a new 'remix' that has the best bassline from one and the best vocals from the other.
H.C.T. (Hybridization: Combine Traits).
H=X╦ЙPтАЛX╦ЙFтАЛтИТX╦ЙPтАЛтАЛ├Ч100% тАФ representation of Heterosis where X╦ЙFтАЛ is the mean of the hybrid and X╦ЙPтАЛ is the mean of parents.
The process involves selecting two parents with contrasting desirable traits. Pollen from the male parent is transferred to the emasculated (stamen-removed) stigma of the female parent to prevent self-pollination. The resulting F1тАЛ generation (first filial generation) often exhibits 'hybrid vigor' or heterosis, where the offspring displays superior characteristics compared to both parents.
It creates genetic variation in the population.
The process is crucial for Green Revolution initiatives.
Selection of parents must be careful to avoid harmful recessive traits.
Hybridization can occur between different varieties, species, or even genera.
Increased crop yields
Enhanced resistance to pests and diseases
Improved nutritional quality
Better adaptation to harsh climates
High cost of hybrid seed production
Hybrids cannot be saved for replanting (lose vigor in F2тАЛ generation)
Requires high input of fertilizers and water to express full potential
Development of high-yielding wheat and rice varieties
Creation of pest-resistant maize and cotton hybrids
Option A is incorrect because hybridization aims to improve crop efficiency, not force chemical dependency.
Option C is incorrect because plants require biological water intake for photosynthesis and cell turgor pressure (PturgorтАЛ=╧ИsтАЛ+╧ИpтАЛ).
Option D is incorrect because photosynthesis is a light-dependent process requiring energy from photons, represented by E=h╬╜.
B is correct тАФ Hybridization is fundamentally used to aggregate desirable genes from two distinct biological sources into a single offspring.
In competitive biology, always associate 'Hybridization' with 'Heterosis' and 'Genotypic variation', as these are the high-yield keywords for UPSC and NEET exams.