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Where are funnel and receiver in Non-recording type placed?
Inside a Metal case
On top of the equipment
Below the base of equipment
In between the metal case
Inside a Metal case
In a non-recording rain gauge (such as the Symons gauge), the funnel and the receiver are placed inside a cylindrical metal case. This protective casing shields the collection components from wind-induced turbulence and thermal evaporation, ensuring the integrity of the collected rainfall volume.
In a non-recording rain gauge (such as the Symons gauge), the funnel and the receiver are placed inside a cylindrical metal case. This protective casing shields the collection components from wind-induced turbulence and thermal evaporation, ensuring the integrity of the collected rainfall volume.
P=AVтАЛ тАФ where P is precipitation depth, V is volume of water, and A is the area of the funnel rim
The principle involves collecting precipitation through a circular funnel of a standard diameter (127mm) that directs water into a receiver (bottle) placed at the base inside the outer metal casing. The casing is mounted on a concrete foundation to maintain verticality, preventing splash-in from the ground. By keeping the receiver inside the metal housing, the instrument minimizes evaporative losses and prevents physical damage to the delicate measurement setup.
The standard orifice diameter for a Symons rain gauge is 127 mm (5 inches).
The metal case serves to protect the receiver from external wind and temperature fluctuations.
The base of the gauge should be fixed to a concrete foundation for stability.
Readings are taken manually at fixed intervals, typically once every 24 hours.
Simple design and easy to install.
Very low maintenance cost.
High reliability for daily cumulative data.
Requires manual intervention for reading.
Does not provide intensity-duration data.
Risk of observer error during data collection.
Climatological stations in remote areas.
Baseline data collection for water resources projects.
The receiver must be placed such that the funnel rim is exactly 30 cm above the ground level to avoid splash errors.
Option B is incorrect because placing the funnel on top of the 'equipment' without a casing would expose it to high wind shear and debris.
Option C is physically impossible as the funnel must be at the top to intercept rain.
A is correct тАФ The funnel and receiver must be housed inside a protective metal case to ensure accurate measurement and minimize environmental errors.
Always remember that non-recording gauges are essentially 'totalizers'; they provide the 'total' depth of rain but provide no information regarding the 'time distribution' of the event.