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Which component is primarily used to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field?
Resistor
Inductor
Capacitor
Diode
Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive electronic component designed to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. When a voltage is applied, positive and negative charges accumulate on the respective plates, creating an electric field that persists as long as the voltage is maintained.
IS 12360:1988
A capacitor is a passive electronic component designed to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. When a voltage is applied, positive and negative charges accumulate on the respective plates, creating an electric field that persists as long as the voltage is maintained.
E=21тАЛCV2 тАФ energy stored in a capacitor
C=d╧╡AтАЛ тАФ capacitance calculation where ╧╡ is permittivity
When a DC source is connected to a capacitor, electrons are pulled from one plate and deposited on the other, creating a potential difference. The electric field established across the dielectric stores energy proportional to the square of the voltage. Unlike a battery which stores chemical energy, the capacitor's energy storage is purely electrostatic and transient based on the V=CQтАЛ relationship.
Capacitors act as open circuits to DC steady-state current.
The charging and discharging of a capacitor is governed by the time constant ╧Д=RC.
Energy storage is non-dissipative; theoretical ideal capacitors return energy to the circuit.
High power density for short-duration pulses
Long cycle life compared to electrochemical batteries
Subject to dielectric breakdown under high voltage stress
Energy density is significantly lower than batteries
Filter circuits in power supply units
Signal coupling and DC blocking in amplifiers
Option A (Resistor) dissipates electrical energy as heat (P=I2R).
Option B (Inductor) stores energy in a magnetic field (E=21тАЛLI2).
Option D (Diode) is a semiconductor device primarily used for rectification and current steering.
C is correct тАФ a capacitor is specifically constructed to store potential energy within an electrostatic field formed between its electrodes.
Remember the 'CIVIL' mnemonic: In a Capacitor (C), Current (I) leads Voltage (V); in an Inductor (L), Voltage (V) leads Current (I).