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A transformer works on the principle of:
Self induction
Mutual induction
Ohm's Law
Coulomb's Law
Mutual induction
A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic mutual induction. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a time-varying magnetic flux that links with the secondary winding, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in it.
IS 2026: 2011
A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic mutual induction. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a time-varying magnetic flux that links with the secondary winding, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in it.
e1тАЛ=тИТN1тАЛdtd╬жтАЛ тАФ Induced EMF in primary coil
e2тАЛ=тИТN2тАЛdtd╬жтАЛ тАФ Induced EMF in secondary coil
V2тАЛV1тАЛтАЛ=N2тАЛN1тАЛтАЛ=K тАФ Transformer turn ratio
The primary winding is excited by an AC supply, which produces a flux ╬ж in the magnetic core according to Faraday's Law. This flux links the secondary winding and changes at the same frequency, inducing a secondary voltage e2тАЛ=тИТN2тАЛdtd╬жтАЛ. This transfer of energy between magnetically coupled coils without physical connection defines mutual induction.
Transformers can only operate with AC supplies, not DC.
The core provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux.
Mutual induction requires two or more coils coupled by a magnetic flux.
Lenz's Law governs the direction of the induced EMF.
Enables efficient voltage level transformation for power transmission.
Provides electrical isolation between circuits.
Cannot step up or step down DC voltage levels.
Subject to hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core.
Power transmission and distribution systems.
Impedance matching in communication circuits.
Self induction relates to a single coil's property to oppose changes in current through itself.
Option A (Self induction) is the principle of an inductor or an autotransformer, but not the standard two-winding transformer.
Ohm's Law (V=IR) relates voltage, current, and resistance in a linear circuit.
Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges.
B is correct тАФ Transformers function based on the principle of Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction specifically occurring through mutual induction between primary and secondary coils.
Remember that while a standard transformer uses mutual induction, an Autotransformer relies on both mutual induction and self-induction due to the shared winding path.