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Which of the following are properties of ionic compounds?
High melting point Only (C) and (B)
Soluble in non-polar solvents Only (A) and (B)
Conduct electricity in solid state Only (C) and (D)
Brittle in nature Only (A) and (D)
Brittle in nature Only (A) and (D)
Ionic compounds are characterized by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, resulting in high melting points and a rigid, brittle crystal lattice structure. They typically dissolve in polar solvents like water but are insoluble in non-polar solvents, and they conduct electricity only in the molten or aqueous state, not as solids.
Ionic compounds are characterized by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, resulting in high melting points and a rigid, brittle crystal lattice structure. They typically dissolve in polar solvents like water but are insoluble in non-polar solvents, and they conduct electricity only in the molten or aqueous state, not as solids.
Think of an ionic compound like a Lego structure held together by strong magnets; if you try to slide the layers, the magnets of the same pole will face each other and push the layers apart, causing the structure to shatter.
HI-BOC: High melting point, Ionic, Brittle, Often Conductive (in solution).
F=kr2q1тАЛq2тАЛтАЛ тАФ Coulomb's Law representing the electrostatic force of attraction between ions.
The crystalline structure consists of a repeating 3D lattice held together by strong Coulombic forces: F=kr2q1тАЛq2тАЛтАЛ. When force is applied, layers of ions shift, causing ions of like charge to align and repel each other, which leads to the fracturing of the crystal (brittleness). In the solid state, ions are fixed in position, preventing the flow of charge, but they dissociate in solution or molten states to allow ionic mobility.
Ionic compounds exist as crystalline solids at room temperature.
The high lattice energy accounts for high melting and boiling points.
Solubility in water is high due to the hydration energy overcoming lattice energy.
They are non-conductors in the solid state because ions are locked in a lattice.
High thermal stability due to strong electrostatic bonds.
Predictable chemical behavior in aqueous solutions.
Poor electrical conductivity in the solid phase.
Low solubility in non-polar organic solvents like benzene.
Common table salt (NaCl) as a preservative and electrolyte.
Ionic solids used as electrolytes in electrochemical cells.
Option (A) is correct as ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong lattice energy.
Option (B) is false; they are typically insoluble in non-polar solvents (like kerosene) because they cannot form ion-dipole interactions.
Option (C) is false; they are insulators as solids because ions cannot move freely to carry current.
Option (D) is correct; the repulsion of like-charged ions upon displacement makes them brittle.
D is correct тАФ Ionic compounds possess high melting points and are brittle because of the strong electrostatic forces within their rigid crystalline lattice.
Remember: Always associate 'ionic' with 'charged' and 'mobility'тАФwithout mobility (solid state), there is no conductivity!
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