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Which of the following is a non-volatile type of computer memory?
SRAM
DRAM
EEPROM
Cache Memory
EEPROM
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile memory type that retains data even after the power supply is disconnected. Unlike volatile memories, it stores bits using charge stored in floating-gate transistors, ensuring data persistence.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile memory type that retains data even after the power supply is disconnected. Unlike volatile memories, it stores bits using charge stored in floating-gate transistors, ensuring data persistence.
VthтАЛ=Vth0тАЛ+CQтАЛ тАФ where VthтАЛ is the threshold voltage, Q is the stored charge, and C is the capacitance of the gate.
EEPROM operates by using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling to move electrons into or out of a floating gate within a MOSFET structure. By applying a high programming voltage, the threshold voltage VthтАЛ of the transistor is altered, representing binary data. Since the gate is electrically isolated by an insulating layer, the trapped charge remains for extended periods without requiring power.
Non-volatile memory retains data without continuous power supply.
EEPROM allows for byte-level erasure and reprogramming electrically.
SRAM and DRAM are volatile and require constant power to hold state.
Flash memory is a derivative of EEPROM optimized for block-level operations.
Data persistence without power
Byte-level erasability
In-circuit programmability
Slower write speeds compared to RAM
Limited write-erase cycles due to wear on the insulating oxide layer
Storing BIOS and firmware configuration
Storing calibration data in embedded microcontrollers
| Feature | SRAM | DRAM |
|---|---|---|
Volatility | Volatile | Volatile |
Mechanism | Flip-Flops | Capacitors |
SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM) are volatile, meaning they lose stored information when power is lost.
Cache Memory is typically built using high-speed SRAM, which is also volatile.
EEPROM is specifically designed for long-term storage of configuration parameters.
C is correct тАФ EEPROM is a non-volatile memory device that retains its contents after the power is turned off.
Always remember that any memory based on flip-flops (SRAM) or capacitors (DRAM) is volatile; non-volatile types typically use charge trapping or magnetic states.