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Which of the following is an allotrope of carbon?
Graphite
Silicon
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Graphite
Graphite is a well-known crystalline allotrope of carbon where each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar hexagonal network. This structure allows layers to slide past each other easily, making graphite soft and an exceptional conductor of electricity due to delocalized electrons.
Graphite is a well-known crystalline allotrope of carbon where each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar hexagonal network. This structure allows layers to slide past each other easily, making graphite soft and an exceptional conductor of electricity due to delocalized electrons.
Think of graphite like a deck of playing cards stacked on top of each other: the individual cards (layers) are strongly bound internally, but the whole stack easily slides or peels apart when you push on it.
GDC: Graphite is Delocalized Carbon.
sp2 тАФ Hybridization state of carbon atoms in graphite
CnтАЛ тАФ General elemental carbon allotrope representation
Carbon exhibits allotropy due to its ability to catenate and form different structural configurations. In graphite, carbon undergoes sp2 hybridization, forming trigonal planar layers held together by weak van der Waals forces, which permits electrical conductivity along the layers via free delocalized ╧А-electrons.
Graphite is a thermodynamically stable allotrope of carbon at standard temperature and pressure.
Unlike diamond, graphite conducts electricity and heat effectively due to free electrons.
Silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus are distinct chemical elements, not carbon allotropes.
High electrical and thermal conductivity
Excellent lubricant properties due to weak interlayer forces
Soft and mechanically weak perpendicular to the cleavage planes
Pencil leads (mixture of graphite and clay)
Lubricants in high-temperature machinery
Electrodes in batteries and electrolysis
| Feature | Graphite | Silicon |
|---|---|---|
Hybridization | sp2 | Element (Not Carbon) |
Electrical Conductivity | Good Conductor | Semiconductor |
Option B (Silicon) is a metalloid in group 14, distinct from carbon.
Option C (Sulfur) and Option D (Phosphorus) belong to groups 16 and 15 respectively.
A is correct тАФ Graphite is a pure crystalline allotrope of carbon consisting of layered hexagonal sheets.
Remember that diamond and fullerene are other major carbon allotropes alongside graphite; diamond features sp3 hybridization while graphite features sp2 hybridization.
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