Join 60,000+ competitive exam aspirants
or with email
Your Cart
SubtotalтВ╣0
TotalтВ╣0
Examoogle тАв User тАв info@examoogle.com тАв EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 тАв Page 1 of 248ЁЯФТ Protected PDF тАв Watermarked
Join 60,000+ competitive exam aspirants
Which of the following is the hazardous waste produced by petroleum refining industries?
Lead ash
Spent clay-containing oil
Cyanide-containing sludge
Tarry residues
Spent clay-containing oil
Spent clay is a hazardous waste generated during the finishing and decolorization processes in petroleum refining. It contains residual hydrocarbons and impurities, classifying it as hazardous under the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016
Spent clay is a hazardous waste generated during the finishing and decolorization processes in petroleum refining. It contains residual hydrocarbons and impurities, classifying it as hazardous under the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
E=madsorbentтАЛmadsorbateтАЛтАЛ тАФ where E represents the adsorption capacity efficiency of the clay in terms of mass of impurities per mass of clay.
In the refining process, clay (often bentonite or fuller's earth) is used as an adsorbent to remove color bodies and polar impurities from petroleum fractions. As the clay becomes saturated with adsorbed hydrocarbons and chemicals, it loses its adsorption capacity and becomes 'spent', requiring systematic disposal or thermal regeneration.
Spent clay contains high concentrations of organic pollutants.
It is classified under Schedule I of the Hazardous Waste Rules in India.
Effective disposal requires thermal treatment or landfilling in authorized secured hazardous waste facilities.
Refinery waste management focuses on reducing the TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) content.
Proper disposal prevents groundwater contamination.
Thermal regeneration can sometimes allow reuse of the adsorbent clay.
High cost of hazardous waste transportation and treatment.
Potential for VOC emissions during storage.
Lubricant oil refining process
Wax finishing stages
Lead ash is typically a byproduct of secondary lead smelting or battery recycling, not a primary refinery stream.
Cyanide-containing sludge is primarily associated with metal plating or heat treatment industries.
Tarry residues are generated in distillation, but 'Spent clay-containing oil' is the specific category defined under hazardous waste classification for refinery adsorbents.
B is correct тАФ Spent clay-containing oil is a recognized hazardous waste stream generated during the refining and decolorization of petroleum products.
In competitive exams, always link waste types to their specific industrial source category as per the 2016 Hazardous Waste Rules for accurate identification.
Get instant step-by-step AI explanations, full shift Previous Year Papers (SSC GD, RRB, SSC JE), and regional rank analysis on the official Examoogle App.
Free Download тАв 100K+ Aspirants