Which of the following is the product of the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (

Question

Which of the following is the product of the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option B: Sodium chloride and water. When hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) reacts with sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$), a neutralisation reaction takes place. This chemical reaction produces sodium chloride ($NaCl$), commonly known as table salt, and water ($H_2O$).

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
When hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) reacts with sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$), a neutralisation reaction takes place. This chemical reaction produces sodium chloride ($NaCl$), commonly known as table salt, and water ($H_2O$).

Working Principle: Neutralisation is a chemical process where an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. In this specific reaction, the hydrogen ions ($H^+$) from the strong acid $HCl$ combine with the hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) from the strong base $NaOH$ to form neutral water molecules ($H_2O$). Simultaneously, the sodium ions ($Na^+$) and chloride ions ($Cl^-$) remain in solution, crystallizing as sodium chloride ($NaCl$) upon evaporation.

Key Formulas: $HCl + NaOH ightarrow NaCl + H_2O$ — Overall neutralisation reaction; $H^+ + OH^- ightarrow H_2O$ — Net ionic equation for neutralisation

Key Points: Hydrochloric acid is a strong mineral acid with pH close to 0-1.; Sodium hydroxide is a strong caustic alkali with pH close to 13-14.; The resulting solution of $NaCl$ and $H_2O$ is neutral with a pH of 7 at 25°C.; Neutralisation reactions are typically exothermic, releasing heat energy.

Advantages: Produces common salt which is vital for human consumption and industrial use.; Safely neutralizes hazardous acidic or basic laboratory and industrial wastes.

Disadvantages: Strong neutralisation reactions release significant thermal energy which can cause splashing if not carefully controlled.

Applications: Treatment of acidic soil in agriculture using slaked lime or bases.; Antacids used in medicine to neutralize excess stomach acid ($HCl$).

Additional Info: Option A is incorrect because reactants cannot be products of their own combination.. Option C is incorrect because hydrogen gas is evolved when active metals react with acids, not during acid-base neutralisation.. Option D is incorrect because sodium hydroxide is consumed, not produced.

Answer: B is correct — The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide yields sodium chloride and water.

Exam Tip: Always remember that the reaction of any strong acid with a strong base yields a neutral salt and water with an enthalpy of neutralisation of approximately $-57.1 	ext{ kJ/mol}$.

Examoogle · Answer

Option A: Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid

Examoogle · Answer

Option C: Sodium chloride and hydrogen gas

Examoogle · Answer

Option D: Sodium hydroxide and water

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