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Which of the following loss varies with the load
hystresis loss
eddy current loss
copper loss
core loss
copper loss
Copper losses, also known as I┬▓R losses, are the electrical energy losses that occur due to the resistance of the transformer windings. Unlike core losses, which remain relatively constant regardless of the load, copper losses are directly proportional to the square of the load current.
Copper losses, also known as I┬▓R losses, are the electrical energy losses that occur due to the resistance of the transformer windings. Unlike core losses, which remain relatively constant regardless of the load, copper losses are directly proportional to the square of the load current.
PcuтАЛ=I2R тАФ Calculation of copper loss based on winding current and resistance
PtotalтАЛ=PcoreтАЛ+I2R тАФ Total losses in a transformer including fixed and variable components
In a transformer, the primary and secondary currents increase as the load increases. Since power loss in a conductor is given by P=I2R, the dissipation increases quadratically as more current flows through the windings to meet the demand, making it a variable loss.
Copper losses are variable losses as they depend on the magnitude of the secondary current.
Core losses (Hysteresis and Eddy Current) are considered constant losses because they depend on supply voltage and frequency, which are usually steady.
Maximum efficiency in a transformer occurs when variable copper losses equal constant core losses.
Copper losses are minimized by using windings with low resistance (high cross-section area).
Useful for calculating efficiency at different load points
Helps in determining the optimal operating point for maximum efficiency
Contributes to heating of windings
Requires high-quality conductor materials to minimize
Transformer efficiency analysis
Design of thermal management systems for electrical machinery
Hysteresis and Eddy current losses are collectively called Core or Iron losses, which are fixed at rated voltage.
Option A and B are components of Core loss, which is independent of the load.
C is correct тАФ Copper loss is a variable loss because it depends directly on the square of the load current flowing through the transformer windings.
Always remember that efficiency is maximum when variable losses (I2R) equal constant losses (Core Loss). This is a favorite topic in competitive exams for finding the load at which a transformer is most efficient.