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Which of the following pairs represent structural isomers?
Butane and Isobutane
Methane and Ethane
Propane and Butane
Ethene and Ethyne
Butane and Isobutane
Structural isomers are compounds that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. Butane (C4тАЛH10тАЛ) and isobutane (C4тАЛH10тАЛ) share the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms but have different carbon chain skeletons.
Structural isomers are compounds that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. Butane (C4тАЛH10тАЛ) and isobutane (C4тАЛH10тАЛ) share the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms but have different carbon chain skeletons.
Think of building blocks: you have the same number of LEGO bricks, but you can build either a straight bridge or a T-shaped structure; the material is the same, but the configuration differs.
ISO means 'Same' molecular formula, 'O'rder of bonds is different.
CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ тАФ General formula for alkanes
CH3тАЛтИТCH2тАЛтИТCH2тАЛтИТCH3тАЛ тАФ Structure of n-butane
CH3тАЛтИТCH(CH3тАЛ)тИТCH3тАЛ тАФ Structure of isobutane
This phenomenon occurs due to chain isomerism, a type of structural isomerism where the carbon atoms are arranged in different branching patterns. While n-butane features a straight chain of four carbon atoms, isobutane (2-methylpropane) exhibits a branched structure with three carbons in the main chain and one substituent group, changing the overall molecular shape.
Isomers share the same molecular formula but have distinct structural or spatial arrangements.
Structural isomerism includes chain, position, and functional group isomers.
Butane and isobutane have different boiling points due to differences in surface area and van der Waals forces.
Used to distinguish between different chemical behaviors of compounds.
Basis for naming organic compounds via IUPAC nomenclature.
| Feature | Butane | Isobutane |
|---|---|---|
Carbon Chain Type | Straight Chain (n-butane) | Branched Chain (isobutane) |
n-butane is a straight-chain alkane, whereas isobutane is a branched-chain alkane.
Option B (Methane and Ethane) are homologs, not isomers.
Option C (Propane and Butane) are homologs differing by a CH2тАЛ unit.
Option D (Ethene and Ethyne) have different degrees of unsaturation and different formulas.
A is correct тАФ Butane and isobutane are structural isomers because they have the same molecular formula (C4тАЛH10тАЛ) but different carbon atom arrangements.
Always verify the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms; if the molecular formula is identical but the connectivity is different, they are structural isomers.
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