Which of the following statements is correct for the radial distribution network’s distributors load change?

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option B: The consumer situated at the distant end of the distributor will be subjected with serious voltage fluctuations.. In a radial distribution system, the distributor is fed from one end only. Consequently, the voltage drop is cumulative along the length of the line, causing the voltage at the far end to be significantly lower than at the feeding point.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
In a radial distribution system, the distributor is fed from one end only. Consequently, the voltage drop is cumulative along the length of the line, causing the voltage at the far end to be significantly lower than at the feeding point.

Working Principle: The voltage drop across any segment of a distribution line is given by $\Delta V = I \cdot Z$, where $I$ is the current and $Z$ is the impedance. As we move towards the distant end, the current flowing through preceding segments accumulates, and the line resistance adds up, leading to the highest voltage drop and most pronounced fluctuations at the end of the line.

Key Formulas: $\Delta V = \sum_{i=1}^{n} I_{i} Z_{i}$ — Total voltage drop at the distant end; $V_{	ext{drop}} = I(R \cos \phi + X \sin \phi)$ — Approximate voltage drop per phase

Key Points: Radial feeders are the simplest and cheapest distribution topology.; Voltage profile degrades progressively from the source to the load end.; The distant end is most susceptible to flicker and under-voltage conditions during peak load shifts.

Advantages: Simple design and construction; Lower initial capital expenditure

Disadvantages: Poor reliability (single point of failure); Significant voltage drop at the far end

Applications: Rural distribution networks; Small-scale residential lighting circuits

Additional Info: Option A is incorrect because voltage fluctuations are inherent to load variations in radial networks.. Option C is incorrect because the bus voltage near the substation is regulated and most stable.. Option D is incorrect as the cumulative drop is not maximized at the middle.

Answer: B is correct — The consumer situated at the distant end of the distributor will be subjected with serious voltage fluctuations.

Exam Tip: Always remember that in radial networks, voltage drop is a function of distance and load; thus, the point furthest from the source always experiences the worst power quality.

Examoogle · Answer

Option A: No consumer in the distribution network will be subjected with any voltage fluctuations.

Examoogle · Answer

Option C: The consumer situated at very close to the distributor will be subjected with serious voltage fluctuations.

Examoogle · Answer

Option D: The consumer situated at the middle of the distributor will be subjected with serious voltage fluctuations.

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