Which of the following types of materials shows a movement from a weaker region to a stronger region of a non-

Question

Which of the following types of materials shows a movement from a weaker region to a stronger region of a non-uniform magnetic field?

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option B: Paramagnetic material. Paramagnetic materials possess a positive magnetic susceptibility ($\chi > 0$) and a relative permeability slightly greater than unity ($\mu_r > 1$). When placed in a non-uniform magnetic field, they experience a net force directed toward the region of higher magnetic flux density.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
Paramagnetic materials possess a positive magnetic susceptibility ($\chi > 0$) and a relative permeability slightly greater than unity ($\mu_r > 1$). When placed in a non-uniform magnetic field, they experience a net force directed toward the region of higher magnetic flux density.

Working Principle: The atoms of a paramagnetic material have permanent magnetic dipoles due to unpaired electrons. In an external non-uniform magnetic field, these dipoles align themselves with the field direction. The resulting interaction creates a force gradient pulling the material toward the stronger magnetic field region.

Key Formulas: $\vec{F} = (\vec{m} \cdot 
abla)\vec{B}$ — represents the force on a magnetic dipole $\vec{m}$ in a magnetic field $\vec{B}$; $\chi = \frac{M}{H}$ — represents magnetic susceptibility, where $M$ is magnetization and $H$ is the magnetic field intensity

Key Points: Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to magnets.; The alignment of dipoles is against thermal agitation, hence susceptibility decreases with increasing temperature (Curie's Law).; Diamagnetic materials are repelled by strong magnetic fields (move from stronger to weaker regions).

Advantages: Useful in magnetic separation processes.; Used in cryogenics (adiabatic demagnetization).

Disadvantages: Weak response compared to ferromagnetic materials.; Temperature dependence limits high-temperature applications.

Applications: Paramagnetic salts in magnetic refrigeration.; Oxygen analyzers using the paramagnetic property of oxygen.

Additional Info: Diamagnetic materials move from stronger to weaker regions because their induced magnetization opposes the external field.. Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to the region of stronger magnetic field.. Non-magnetic materials remain unaffected by magnetic field variations.

Answer: B is correct — Paramagnetic materials are attracted towards regions of higher magnetic flux density in a non-uniform field.

Exam Tip: Remember the 'P-A' mnemonic: Paramagnetic materials are Attracted to the stronger field; Diamagnetic materials are Displaced away.

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Option A: Insulating material

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Option C: Non-magnetic material

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Option D: Diamagnetic material

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