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Which organelle contains enzymes that help break down fatty acids and detoxify certain compounds in the cell?
Vacuole
Centriole
Peroxisome
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes. They are specifically responsible for the metabolic breakdown of very-long-chain fatty acids through beta-oxidation and the detoxification of substances like hydrogen peroxide and alcohol.
Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes. They are specifically responsible for the metabolic breakdown of very-long-chain fatty acids through beta-oxidation and the detoxification of substances like hydrogen peroxide and alcohol.
Think of the peroxisome as the cell's 'waste treatment plant' that specifically neutralizes hazardous chemical spills (toxins) before they can harm the rest of the factory.
PEROXisome = PEROXide (the substance it breaks down).
2H2тАЛO2тАЛcatalaseтАЛ2H2тАЛO+O2тАЛ тАФ The detoxification reaction catalyzed by catalase in peroxisomes.
Peroxisomes perform oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen. The enzyme catalase converts toxic hydrogen peroxide produced during fatty acid metabolism into water and oxygen via the reaction: 2H2тАЛO2тАЛтЖТ2H2тАЛO+O2тАЛ. This process prevents cellular damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Peroxisomes are involved in the synthesis of plasmalogens (phospholipids).
They are highly abundant in the liver and kidneys, where detoxification processes are most active.
Unlike lysosomes, peroxisomes are not formed by the Golgi apparatus; they can replicate by division.
Protects the cell from oxidative stress caused by H2тАЛO2тАЛ.
If defective, it leads to severe metabolic disorders like Zellweger syndrome.
Fatty acid metabolism in hepatocytes.
Ethanol detoxification in the liver.
Vacuoles are mainly for storage and turgor pressure; Centrioles assist in spindle fiber formation; Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for macromolecular digestion.
Option A is involved in storage. Option B is involved in cell division. Option D is involved in cellular waste recycling via acid hydrolases.
C is correct тАФ Peroxisomes contain specific enzymes like catalase and oxidase that process fatty acids and neutralize harmful toxins.
Distinguish between peroxisomes (which deal with H2тАЛO2тАЛ and fatty acids) and lysosomes (which act as digestive vesicles for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids using acid hydrolases).
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