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Who discovered the staining technique called 'Black Reaction', which was capable of revealing neurons in their entirety?
Robert Remak
Albert Kolliker
Camillo Golgi
Jacques Loeb
Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi discovered the 'Black Reaction' (la reazione nera) in 1873, a revolutionary silver nitrate staining technique. It allows for the complete visualization of individual neurons and their complex processes (axons and dendrites) under a microscope, which were previously invisible.
Camillo Golgi discovered the 'Black Reaction' (la reazione nera) in 1873, a revolutionary silver nitrate staining technique. It allows for the complete visualization of individual neurons and their complex processes (axons and dendrites) under a microscope, which were previously invisible.
Think of it like highlighting a single wire in a massive, tangled bundle of millions of wires by coating it in black paint, making it stand out perfectly from the background clutter.
GOLGI: 'G'etting 'O'rganized 'L'inearly (in) 'G'ray-matter 'I'maging.
AgNO3тАЛ+K2тАЛCrO4тАЛтЖТAg2тАЛCrO4тАЛтЖУ+2KNO3тАЛ тАФ The precipitation of silver chromate in the 'Black Reaction'.
The principle involves the precipitation of silver chromate crystals within the cytoplasm of a randomly selected small percentage of neurons. By immersing brain tissue in potassium dichromate and silver nitrate (AgNO3тАЛ), silver chromate (Ag2тАЛCrO4тАЛ) precipitates inside the cell membrane. This results in the entire neuron, including its fine dendrites and axons, appearing jet-black against a translucent, yellow-brown background.
The 'Black Reaction' is also known as the Golgi stain.
Golgi used this technique to argue against the 'Reticular Theory' by demonstrating neurons are individual entities.
Camillo Golgi shared the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Santiago Ram├│n y Cajal.
Cajal later used Golgi's method to provide the definitive anatomical basis for the Neuron Doctrine.
Reveals the full morphology of individual neurons.
High contrast allows for tracing axons and dendritic spines over long distances.
Staining is unpredictable and 'sparse' (only 1-5% of cells are stained).
Requires thick tissue sections which can be difficult to process.
Neuroanatomy mapping of neuronal circuits.
Study of dendritic morphology and spine density in neurological research.
Robert Remak is known for identifying unmyelinated nerve fibers and the origin of red blood cells.
Albert Kolliker described the structure of smooth muscle and mitochondria in muscle cells.
Jacques Loeb is famous for his work on tropisms and artificial parthenogenesis.
C is correct тАФ Camillo Golgi invented the silver nitrate-based 'Black Reaction', a landmark discovery that allowed scientists to visualize the intricate structure of entire neurons.
In competitive exams, remember that Golgi and Cajal were scientific rivals; Golgi supported the 'Reticular Theory', while Cajal used Golgi's own stain to disprove it, forming the basis of the 'Neuron Doctrine'.
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