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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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In pure resistor circuit, angle between voltage and current is
0°
30°
60°
90°
0°
Quick Summary: In a purely resistive circuit, the voltage and current are in phase with each other. Therefore, the phase angle difference between the voltage and current waveforms is $0^{\circ}$.
In a purely resistive circuit, the voltage and current are in phase with each other. Therefore, the phase angle difference between the voltage and current waveforms is 0°.
v(t)=Vmsin(ωt) — Instantaneous voltage
i(t)=Imsin(ωt) — Instantaneous current
ϕ=θv−θi=0 — Phase angle relationship
According to Ohm's Law (v(t)=i(t)⋅R), the instantaneous voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the instantaneous current flowing through it. Since the resistance R is a constant real number, there is no time-dependent delay or phase shift introduced between the voltage and current vectors.
A pure resistor consumes only real power (P=VI).
The power factor of a pure resistive circuit is unity (cos0°=1).
Voltage and current reach their maximum, minimum, and zero values at the same instant in time.
Zero phase distortion
Power factor is always unity
Dissipates electrical energy as heat (I2R loss)
Cannot store energy like an inductor or capacitor
Heating elements (heaters, irons)
Incandescent lighting
Calibration resistors in measuring instruments
In an inductive circuit, current lags voltage by 90°.
In a capacitive circuit, current leads voltage by 90°.
Option D (90°) is correct for a pure inductor or capacitor.
A is correct — The voltage and current are perfectly in phase in a purely resistive circuit, resulting in a phase angle of 0°.
Remember: ELI the ICE man. 'ELI' (Inductor: Voltage leads current) and 'ICE' (Capacitor: Current leads voltage). For resistors, there is no lag or lead, hence 0°.