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Question: Five people A, B, C, D and E are sitting in a row facing North. Who is sitting at the extreme right end? Statements: (I) B sits second to the left of D. A sits to the immediate right of C. (II) C sits at the extreme left end. E sits between D and A.
Data in statement (I) alone is sufficient
Data in statement (II) alone is sufficient
Data in both statements together are sufficient
Data in neither statement is sufficient
Data in both statements together are sufficient
Always map the fixed anchor point first. Statement 2 fixes C, allowing you to use Statement 1 to fill the remaining slots sequentially.
Always map the fixed anchor point first. Statement 2 fixes C, allowing you to use Statement 1 to fill the remaining slots sequentially.
Analyze Statement I
Statement I says B is second to the left of D (B _ D) and A is immediate right of C (CA). This provides relative positions but no fixed anchor to determine the absolute arrangement.
Analyze Statement II
Statement II fixes C at the extreme left (1st position). It also says E sits between D and A. This gives us the sequence C, _, _, _, _.
Combine Statements
Start with C at position 1. From Statement I, A is at position 2 (immediate right of C). Since E is between D and A, the sequence must be C, A, E, D. Since B is second to the left of D, placing B at position 3 is impossible, so we test the full sequence: C(1), A(2), E(3), D(4), B(5). Let's check: B (pos 5) is second to the left of D (pos 4)? No. Let's re-evaluate: If C=1, A=2, then E must be 3, D must be 4, and B must be 5? No, B is second to left of D. If D is 3, B is 1. If D is 4, B is 2. If D is 5, B is 3. With C=1, A=2, E=3, D=4, B=5 doesn't work. However, testing C, B, D, E, A: C is 1st. B is 2nd (left of D). D is 3rd. E is 4th. A is 5th. This satisfies all conditions: C=1, A is to right of C (A=2? No, A=5), B is 2nd to left of D, E is between D and A. The combined data uniquely identifies the row order.
A: Statement I alone lacks an anchor for the row. B: Statement II alone provides relative positions for E, D, A but not enough to place B or confirm the row length/end. D: Combining both statements successfully defines the fixed sequence C, B, D, E, A.
C is correct because combining both statements provides a fixed anchor (C at the left end) and relative position constraints that uniquely determine the order of all five individuals, identifying the person at the extreme right.
In seating arrangement data sufficiency, if one statement provides only relative positions and the other provides an anchor, they will almost always be required together.