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Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements. Statements: Some bulbs are sands. All bulbs are candles. Conclusion: (I) Some candles are bulbs. (II) No candle is a sand.
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
Only conclusion (I) follows.
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.
Only conclusion (I) follows.
Convert statements to standard categorical propositions (Some = I, All = A). Draw or visualize the overlapping circles to test universal and particular conclusions.
Convert statements to standard categorical propositions (Some = I, All = A). Draw or visualize the overlapping circles to test universal and particular conclusions.
Analyze Statement 1
Some bulbs are sands. This is an I-type proposition establishing a partial intersection between Bulbs and Sands.
Analyze Statement 2
All bulbs are candies. This is an A-type proposition meaning the entire set of Bulbs lies completely inside the set of Candies.
Evaluate Conclusion I
Since all bulbs are candies, the portion of bulbs that are sands is also inside candies. Thus, 'Some candles are bulbs' (or 'Some candies are bulbs') definitely follows.
Evaluate Conclusion II
'No candle is a sand' is a negative universal conclusion. Since some bulbs are sands and all bulbs are candies, candles and sands overlap positively. Hence, Conclusion II does not follow.
A: Option A is incorrect because Conclusion II does not follow. B: Option B is incorrect because Conclusion I definitely follows. D: Option D is incorrect because both conclusions do not follow together since Conclusion II is false.
C is correct because only conclusion (I) logically follows from the given statements.
In positive statements, a negative conclusion without a negative premise is always false.
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