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Heating of ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid yields which of the following?
Ethane
Acetic acid
Ether
Ethene
Ethene
Heating ethanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K causes the dehydration of the alcohol to form ethene. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from ethanol, resulting in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.
Heating ethanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K causes the dehydration of the alcohol to form ethene. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from ethanol, resulting in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.
Think of this like squeezing a wet sponge to remove water; the concentrated acid 'squeezes' the water out of the ethanol molecule, leaving behind a more unsaturated structure.
E-D-E: Ethanol + Dehydrator (acid) = Ethene.
CH3тАЛCH2тАЛOHconc.H2тАЛSO4тАЛ443KтАЛCH2тАЛ=CH2тАЛ+H2тАЛO тАФ The chemical dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethene.
The reaction proceeds via an acid-catalyzed elimination mechanism. Concentrated H2тАЛSO4тАЛ acts as a dehydrating agent, protonating the hydroxyl group of ethanol to form an alkyloxonium ion, which then loses a water molecule to form a carbocation intermediate. Finally, a proton is removed from the adjacent carbon atom to establish the C=C double bond in ethene.
Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a powerful dehydrating agent in this reaction.
The temperature 443 K is critical; lower temperatures (e.g., 413 K) with an excess of ethanol would lead to the formation of diethyl ether instead of ethene.
The reaction is a classic example of an intramolecular elimination reaction.
Standard industrial method for the production of ethene from bio-ethanol.
High temperature and corrosive acid require careful handling and corrosion-resistant equipment.
Production of polyethylene (plastic).
Synthesis of various industrial organic chemicals.
At 413 K with excess ethanol, the product is diethyl ether (C2тАЛH5тАЛтИТOтИТC2тАЛH5тАЛ) due to a substitution mechanism.
Option A (Ethane) is an alkane and cannot be formed by simple acid-catalyzed dehydration.
Option B (Acetic acid) is formed by the oxidation of ethanol, not dehydration.
Option C (Ether) is the product formed if the temperature is kept lower (413 K) and ethanol is in excess.
D is correct тАФ Heating ethanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K results in the dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene.
Always pay attention to the temperature given in alcohol dehydration reactions; 413 K gives an ether, whereas 443 K gives an alkene!
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