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Question image not provided; transcribed available options:
(i) and (ii) only
(ii) and (iii) only
(i) only
(i), (ii) and (iii)
(i) only
The correct answer is Option (i) only. Non-biodegradable substances, such as plastic, glass, and heavy metals, persist in the environment for long periods because they cannot be broken down by biological processes, leading to environmental pollution and harm to various components of the ecosystem.
The correct answer is Option (i) only. Non-biodegradable substances, such as plastic, glass, and heavy metals, persist in the environment for long periods because they cannot be broken down by biological processes, leading to environmental pollution and harm to various components of the ecosystem.
Think of biodegradable waste like a banana peel that turns into compost for the garden, while non-biodegradable waste is like a plastic bottle that remains exactly the same in your trash bin for decades.
Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler compounds by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi). Non-biodegradable substances lack the chemical structure that biological enzymes can target, causing them to accumulate and disrupt ecological balance, contaminate soil, and affect food chains.
Biodegradable substances are broken down by biological processes.
Non-biodegradable materials accumulate in nature, causing pollution.
Biological processes cannot act on synthetic non-biodegradable polymers.
Accumulation of such materials can bioaccumulate in food chains.
Biodegradable waste recycling produces natural fertilizers.
Reduced landfill space requirements.
Non-biodegradable waste persists for centuries.
Toxic chemicals can leach into groundwater from non-biodegradable trash.
Composting of organic agricultural waste.
Proper disposal and recycling of plastics and metallic waste.
Non-biodegradable materials do not decompose naturally.
Statement (ii) is incorrect because biological processes (enzymes) do not break down inorganic or synthetic non-biodegradable substances.
Statement (iii) is incorrect because non-biodegradable materials persist for very long durations in the environment.
C is correct тАФ only statement (i) is factually accurate regarding the environmental impact of non-biodegradable substances.
Remember that 'biological degradation' requires the presence of specific enzymes and bacteria; if a material is synthetic or inert, it bypasses this natural recycling cycle.
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