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Which of the following is/are NOT related to the phenomenon of the universal law of gravitation? (A) The motion of the moon around the earth. (B) The tides caused by the moon. (C) The motion of electron around the nucleus.
Only (C)
and (B)
and (C)
Only (B)
Only (C)
The universal law of gravitation applies to all objects with mass in the universe. While it governs the motion of the moon around the earth and the creation of tidal forces by the moon, the motion of an electron around a nucleus is primarily governed by the electrostatic (Coulomb) force, not gravity.
The universal law of gravitation applies to all objects with mass in the universe. While it governs the motion of the moon around the earth and the creation of tidal forces by the moon, the motion of an electron around a nucleus is primarily governed by the electrostatic (Coulomb) force, not gravity.
Gravity is like a massive magnet that only pulls on things with 'weight' (mass), whereas the electron's orbit is held by an 'electric magnet' (Coulomb force) that pulls on things with 'charge'.
F=Gr2m1тАЛm2тАЛтАЛ тАФ Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
FeтАЛ=kr2тИгq1тАЛq2тАЛтИгтАЛ тАФ Coulomb's Law (Electrostatic Force)
The gravitational force F between two masses m1тАЛ and m2тАЛ separated by a distance r is given by F=Gr2m1тАЛm2тАЛтАЛ. Electrons are extremely light (meтАЛтЙИ9.1├Ч10тИТ31┬аkg), making the gravitational attraction between them and the nucleus negligible compared to the strong electrostatic force FeтАЛ=kr2q1тАЛq2тАЛтАЛ exerted by the protons in the nucleus.
Gravity acts on mass, Electrostatic force acts on charge.
Gravitational force is extremely weak at the subatomic scale.
The electron-nucleus bond is billions of times stronger due to electric charge interactions.
Option (A) and (B) are classic examples of gravitational interaction on a macroscopic scale.
Planetary motion
Tidal phenomena on Earth
Gravitational constant GтЙИ6.674├Ч10тИТ11┬аm3┬аkgтИТ1┬аsтИТ2.
Option (A) and (B) represent gravitation, therefore the correct choice for 'NOT related' is only C.
C is correct тАФ The motion of an electron around a nucleus is governed by the electrostatic force, not the universal law of gravitation.
Always identify the scale: Gravitational force dominates macro-scale (planets, tides), while Electrostatic/Nuclear forces dominate micro-scale (atoms, chemistry).
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