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Which law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant?
Joule's law
Ohm's law
Faraday's law
Newton's law
Ohm's law
Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) applied across its ends, provided that physical conditions like temperature remain constant. It describes the fundamental linear relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.
Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) applied across its ends, provided that physical conditions like temperature remain constant. It describes the fundamental linear relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.
Think of water flowing through a pipe: the voltage is like the water pressure from a pump, and the current is the amount of water flowing. Ohm's law says that if you increase the pressure, more water will flow, assuming the pipe size (resistance) stays the same.
VIR: V=I├ЧR (Very Important Rule).
V=I├ЧR тАФ Ohm's Law formula
I=RVтАЛ тАФ Current formula
R=IVтАЛ тАФ Resistance formula
The principle relies on the fact that for many conductors, the ratio of voltage (V) to current (I) remains constant. This constant of proportionality is known as the electrical resistance (R), which is a property of the material and its dimensions. The law holds strictly for ohmic conductors under stable thermal conditions; if the temperature rises, the resistance changes due to increased atomic collisions, causing a deviation from the linear behavior.
Applicable only to conductors with constant resistance (Ohmic conductors).
Temperature must remain constant for the law to hold.
The SI unit of resistance is the Ohm (╬й).
Materials that do not follow this law are called non-ohmic conductors (e.g., semiconductors, diodes).
Allows for simple calculation of circuit parameters.
Essential for designing electronic circuits.
Helps in understanding the heating effect of current.
Does not apply to non-linear components like transistors or vacuum tubes.
Invalid if the physical state or temperature of the conductor changes significantly.
Calculating current in household appliances.
Design of resistors in electronic devices.
| Feature | V, I, R | H, I, R, t |
|---|---|---|
Relationship | Ohm's Law | Joule's Law |
Named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
Option A (Joule's Law) relates heat production to current, resistance, and time (H=I2Rt).
Option C (Faraday's Law) relates to electromagnetic induction.
Option D (Newton's Law) relates to classical mechanics.
B is correct тАФ Ohm's law defines the direct proportionality between voltage and current in a conductor.
Always remember that the 'constant temperature' condition is the most critical constraint in exam questions regarding Ohm's Law.
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