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The capacity of a lead-acid cell does not depend on its
temperature
rate of charge
rate of discharge
quantity of active material
rate of charge
Quick Summary: The capacity of a lead-acid battery represents the total amount of energy (Ah) it can deliver under specific conditions. While capacity is strongly dependent on temperature, the discharge rate, and the physical quantity of active material (plates/electrolyte), it is defined by the output delivery process rather than the input charging process.
The capacity of a lead-acid battery represents the total amount of energy (Ah) it can deliver under specific conditions. While capacity is strongly dependent on temperature, the discharge rate, and the physical quantity of active material (plates/electrolyte), it is defined by the output delivery process rather than the input charging process.
C=I├Чt тАФ Fundamental capacity formula where C is capacity in Ah, I is current, and t is time.
CpтАЛ=In├Чt тАФ Peukert's Law representing the non-linear relationship between capacity and discharge current.
The capacity C is determined by the Peukert effect, where the effective capacity decreases as the discharge current increases due to internal resistance and chemical diffusion limitations. The quantity of active material determines the total chemical potential energy available, and temperature affects the electrolytic reaction kinetics. Charging parameters determine how efficiently energy is restored, not the total energy holding potential of the cell itself.
Capacity is measured in Ampere-hours (Ah).
Peukert's Law defines how capacity drops as discharge rate increases.
Lower temperatures increase internal resistance, effectively reducing capacity.
The quantity of active material directly limits the total available electrons.
High surge current capability
Low self-discharge rate
Heavy weight and bulky size
Sensitivity to deep discharge cycles
Automotive starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) systems
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
Capacity is specified at a standardized 10-hour or 20-hour discharge rate.
The rate of charge affects the time taken to restore capacity and battery life (due to gassing), but the cell's 'capacity' (total charge storage capability) is a physical property determined by plate surface area and electrolyte concentration, not by how fast you pump current back into it.
B is correct тАФ The capacity of a lead-acid cell is a measure of the total charge it can supply during discharge, and it is not functionally defined by the rate at which it is charged.
In competitive exams, always remember that capacity is a 'storage potential' attributeтАФfactors like discharge rate (load) affect the 'available' capacity, while charging rate is a maintenance/operational parameter.