The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the _____.

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Duty cycle

Explanation: The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the duty cycle. Duty cycle is the ratio of the on-time to the total switching time. It is a key parameter in controlling the output voltage of a chopper. Working Principle: A chopper works by switching the power supply on and off rapidly. The duty cycle is varied to control the average voltage supplied to the load. The output voltage is directly proportional to the duty cycle. Key Formulas: V_o = V_i * D — average output voltage; D = T_on / T — duty cycle formula Key Points: Duty cycle is the key parameter in chopper control; Chopper is used for DC-DC conversion; Output voltage is directly proportional to the duty cycle; Choppers are used in power supplies, motor drives, etc. Advantages: High efficiency; Fast switching times Disadvantages: Complex control circuitry; Electromagnetic interference Applications: Power supplies; Motor drives; Regenerative braking Additional Info: Types of Choppers: Type A, Type B, Type C, etc.. Standard Values / Years / Dates: Typical switching frequencies: 1-100 kHz. Wrong Options Explained: Option B = Firing angle is used in thyristor converters, not choppers; Option C = Reactor position is not a control parameter. Connected Between / Location: Choppers are used between the power supply and the load. Also Known As: DC-DC converter Answer: A is correct — The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the duty cycle. Exam Tip: Choppers are often used in combination with other power electronic devices, such as thyristor converters and inverters, to achieve high efficiency and flexibility in power supplies and motor drives.

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