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What term describes the splitting of a country into smaller, often hostile units ?
Federalism
Annexation
Balkanization
Colonialism
None of the above
Balkanization
Balkanization refers to the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often mutually hostile units. The term originates from the historical breakdown of the Ottoman Empire's holdings in the Balkan Peninsula during the early 20th century.
Balkanization refers to the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often mutually hostile units. The term originates from the historical breakdown of the Ottoman Empire's holdings in the Balkan Peninsula during the early 20th century.
Geographical origin: The Balkan Peninsula comprises countries like Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, and the states formerly part of Yugoslavia (Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Kosovo).
Balkanization typically involves intense ethnic, religious, or political conflict.
The process often leads to the loss of central authority and the rise of separatist movements.
The term was first used in the context of the Balkan Wars (1912-1913).
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, opposite to fragmentation.
Annexation is the formal act of acquiring territory by a state, usually through conquest or occupation.
Colonialism is the policy of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Option C is correct as it describes the specific political process of state disintegration into rival factions.
C is correct тАФ Balkanization describes the violent or forced fragmentation of a region into smaller, hostile independent units.
In the context of Indian History, contrast Balkanization with the Integration of Princely States (led by Sardar Patel) post-1947, which was the exact antithesis of Balkanization, aimed at unifying the nation.
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