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Direct FormulaElectricalBasic Electrical

Option A

Quick Summary: Given: An alternating EMF is given by the function of angle θ where θ = 180°.

📋 Given

An alternating EMF is given by the function of angle θ where θ = 180°.

🔢 Formula Used

e=Emsin⁡(θ)e = E_m \sin(\theta)e=Em​sin(θ)

📊 Diagram / Illustration

🔢 Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the standard EMF equation

The instantaneous value of an alternating EMF is determined by the sine wave equation where $E_m$ is the maximum amplitude and $\theta$ is the phase angle.

e=Emsin⁡(θ)e = E_m \sin(\theta)e=Em​sin(θ)

Substitute the given angle

Given $\theta = 180°$ , we substitute this value into the sine function.

e=Emsin⁡(180°)e = E_m \sin(180°)e=Em​sin(180°)

Evaluate the sine function

We know from trigonometry that $\sin(180°) = 0$ .

e=Em×0=0e = E_m \times 0 = 0e=Em​×0=0

✅

A is correct because the sine of $180°$ is $0$ , which causes the entire instantaneous EMF expression to equal zero.

Core Concepts Used

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Alternating Current Trigonometric functions Phase Angle

💡 EXAM TIP

Understanding the zero-crossing points (0°, 180°, 360°) is crucial for analyzing rectifier circuits and zero-voltage switching in power electronics.

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