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When the staff reading increases between two consecutive points, the difference between the readings shall be recorded in ____column in case of levelling by rise and fall method.
Rise
H.I.
Fall
R.L.
Fall
In the Rise and Fall method of levelling, a 'Fall' occurs when the staff reading at a forward station is greater than the staff reading at the preceding station, indicating a decrease in elevation. Conversely, a 'Rise' occurs when the staff reading is less than the previous reading.
In the Rise and Fall method of levelling, a 'Fall' occurs when the staff reading at a forward station is greater than the staff reading at the preceding station, indicating a decrease in elevation. Conversely, a 'Rise' occurs when the staff reading is less than the previous reading.
Rise=S_{n-1}тИТS_{n}(\text{if result is positive})$
Fall=S_{n}тИТS_{n-1}(\text{if result is positive})$
The principle relies on comparing the change in staff reading between two consecutive points. If SnтАЛ is the current reading and SnтИТ1тАЛ is the previous reading, the difference is calculated as ╬Ф=SnтИТ1тАЛтИТSnтАЛ. If ╬Ф>0, it is a Rise; if ╬Ф<0, it is a Fall, recorded as a positive value тИгSnтАЛтИТSnтИТ1тАЛтИг.
Rise and Fall method provides an arithmetic check on all three columns: тИСB.S.тИТтИСF.S.=тИСRiseтИТтИСFall=Last┬аR.L.тИТFirst┬аR.L.
The method is generally preferred over the Height of Instrument (H.I.) method as it allows checking intermediate sights (I.S.) for consistency.
Complete check on all readings including intermediate sights
Reduces chances of arithmetic errors during computation
Computationally more tedious compared to H.I. method for large datasets
Requires three separate sum calculations for the final check
Topographic surveying
Profile and cross-section leveling
Option B (H.I.) is related to the Height of Instrument method, not the Rise and Fall method.
Option D (R.L.) refers to the Reduced Level, which is the final calculated elevation, not a column for calculating differences.
C is correct тАФ When the staff reading increases, the point is at a lower elevation than the previous one, which is defined as a Fall.
Always remember the check equation тИСB.S.тИТтИСF.S.=тИСRiseтИТтИСFall=Last┬аR.L.тИТFirst┬аR.L. to avoid errors in competitive exams.
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