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Which of the following municipal solid wastes CANNOT be recycled?
Plastics
Fruit peelings
Papers
Glasses
Fruit peelings
Fruit peelings are categorized as biodegradable organic waste, which undergoes decomposition through biological processes rather than mechanical or chemical recycling processes used for inert materials. Unlike plastics, paper, and glass, which can be reprocessed into raw materials for new products, fruit peelings are processed through composting or anaerobic digestion.
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India)
Fruit peelings are categorized as biodegradable organic waste, which undergoes decomposition through biological processes rather than mechanical or chemical recycling processes used for inert materials. Unlike plastics, paper, and glass, which can be reprocessed into raw materials for new products, fruit peelings are processed through composting or anaerobic digestion.
Aerobic┬аDecomposition:Organic┬аWaste+O2тАЛтЖТCO2тАЛ+H2тАЛO+Heat+Humus
Anaerobic┬аDigestion:Organic┬аWasteтЖТCH4тАЛ+CO2тАЛ+Digestate
The decomposition of organic waste is driven by microbial activity. Aerobic microorganisms break down complex organic matter into stable humus in the presence of oxygen (O2тАЛ), whereas anaerobic bacteria break it down in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas, primarily methane (CH4тАЛ). The process follows the biological transformation of organic solids into nutrients (N,P,K).
Recyclables include materials that can be reprocessed into new products such as polymers, cellulose fibers, or glass cullet.
Biodegradable waste is meant for resource recovery via composting or bio-methanation rather than traditional recycling.
The 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) distinguishes between mechanical recycling and biological resource recovery.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) classification is vital for effective source segregation.
Composting produces organic manure for soil enrichment.
Anaerobic digestion provides renewable energy via biogas.
Requires source segregation to prevent contamination of inorganic recyclables.
Biological treatment requires specific environmental controls for odor and moisture.
Production of organic fertilizers for agriculture.
Generation of biogas for power or heat production.
Plastics are generally recycled through mechanical extrusion (TmтАЛ melting) or chemical depolymerization.
Glass is crushed into cullet and melted at temperatures exceeding 1500┬░C to form new containers.
Paper recycling involves pulping and de-inking processes to recover cellulose fibers.
Option B is the correct choice as it is strictly organic and undergoes mineralization/humification.
B is correct тАФ Fruit peelings are biodegradable organic waste that undergoes biological decomposition (composting) rather than conventional material recycling.
In competitive exams, always distinguish between 'Recyclable' (non-biodegradable) and 'Compostable' (biodegradable) waste categories as they fall under different management protocols in India's SWM Rules.
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