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Which of the following options serves all the three objectives mentioned below? I: To promote human health II: To provide a cleaner environment III: To break the cycle of diseases
Drainage system
Sanitary system
Distribution system
Scavenging system
Sanitary system
A sanitary system is designed to collect, transport, and treat domestic and industrial wastewater, directly contributing to public hygiene. By ensuring the prompt and hygienic removal of excreta and waste, it disrupts the transmission path of water-borne pathogens and promotes a sanitary environment.
IS 1742:1983 (Code of Practice for Building Drainage)
A sanitary system is designed to collect, transport, and treat domestic and industrial wastewater, directly contributing to public hygiene. By ensuring the prompt and hygienic removal of excreta and waste, it disrupts the transmission path of water-borne pathogens and promotes a sanitary environment.
VscтАЛ=f8gтАЛтЛЕRтЛЕSтАЛ тАФ Manning's or Chezy-based evaluation for self-cleansing velocity where V is velocity, g is gravity, f is friction factor, R is hydraulic radius, and S is bed slope.
╧Д=╬│RS тАФ Tractive stress exerted on the sewer walls to dislodge deposits.
The system utilizes a network of pipes, traps, and venting to remove foul-smelling and pathogen-laden wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial sources. It incorporates hydraulic design principles to maintain self-cleansing velocities (VscтАЛ) to prevent sedimentation and subsequent decomposition of organic matter, which would otherwise harbor disease vectors.
Sanitary systems specifically manage human waste to prevent direct human contact with pathogens.
Proper disposal breaks the fecal-oral route of disease transmission.
Eliminates breeding grounds for vectors like mosquitoes and flies by removing standing polluted water.
Reduces the incidence of water-borne diseases like cholera and typhoid.
Prevents contamination of ground and surface water sources.
Improves the aesthetic and hygienic quality of living environments.
High initial capital investment for pipe network and treatment plant.
Requires consistent maintenance to avoid blockages and pipe failures.
Urban wastewater management.
Public health engineering projects.
Industrial effluent containment.
The self-cleansing velocity is typically kept around 0.6m/s for sewers at full flow.
Option A (Drainage system) primarily focuses on stormwater management rather than health-based waste treatment.
Option C (Distribution system) is related to potable water supply, not waste removal.
Option D (Scavenging system) refers to the manual or mechanical removal of solid waste which is not the primary mechanism for systematic liquid waste management.
B is correct тАФ The sanitary system provides a holistic approach to managing human waste, thereby protecting health, maintaining cleanliness, and preventing the spread of diseases.
In environmental engineering questions, always distinguish between 'Drainage' (usually stormwater) and 'Sanitary' (wastewater) systems; this is a common trap in UPSC and GATE exams.
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