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Which of the following statements represent(s) advantages of the separate system of sewerage? Statement I: The load on treatment units becomes less. Statement II: Sewers are large in diameter. Statement III: Maintenance costs are reasonable.
Only III
Only II
Only I
Only II and III
Only I
In a separate sewerage system, sanitary sewage and storm water are collected in two distinct pipe networks. Because treatment plants only handle concentrated sanitary sewage without the dilution of storm water, the load on the treatment units becomes significantly less, making Statement I correct.
CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems
In a separate sewerage system, sanitary sewage and storm water are collected in two distinct pipe networks. Because treatment plants only handle concentrated sanitary sewage without the dilution of storm water, the load on the treatment units becomes significantly less, making Statement I correct.
QtotalтАЛ=QsewageтАЛ+QstormтАЛ тАФ The combined flow concept which separate systems avoid.
D=╧АV4QтАЛтАЛ тАФ Relation for pipe diameter, where lower Q (in separate sanitary sewers) leads to smaller diameters.
The system segregates wastewater and storm water. Sanitary sewers carry only domestic/industrial sewage, which is of smaller volume compared to combined flows, while separate storm drains carry surface runoff directly to natural water bodies. This eliminates the need for expensive, large-capacity treatment plants designed for peak wet-weather flows.
Separate systems avoid the treatment of large, diluted volumes of storm water.
Sewers in a separate system have smaller diameters as they are designed only for sewage flow.
Maintenance costs are generally higher in separate systems due to the need to maintain two independent pipe networks instead of one.
Reduced hydraulic load on treatment plants.
Consistent composition of sewage simplifies treatment.
No overflow of raw sewage during minor rainfall.
Higher initial capital cost due to the requirement of two separate pipeline networks.
Separate pipe networks result in higher overall maintenance and operational costs.
Risk of cross-connection between sewers and storm drains.
Areas with high intensity of rainfall.
Cities where existing natural streams can carry storm water.
Regions where high-quality treatment of all waste is mandatory.
Statement II is incorrect because separate sewers have smaller diameters, not larger.
Statement III is incorrect because maintenance costs for two independent networks are higher, not reasonable/lower compared to combined systems.
The separate system is preferred in modern Indian urban planning to prevent the overloading of sewage treatment plants (STPs).
C is correct тАФ Only Statement I accurately describes an advantage of the separate sewerage system.
Always remember: Separate systems focus on treatment efficiency (lower load), while combined systems focus on economic installation (one network).
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