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Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood?
Liver
Heart
Kidneys
Lungs
Kidneys
The kidneys are the primary excretory organs responsible for filtering blood to remove metabolic waste products, excess salts, and water. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and electrolyte balance within the human body.
The kidneys are the primary excretory organs responsible for filtering blood to remove metabolic waste products, excess salts, and water. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and electrolyte balance within the human body.
The kidneys act like a water purification system or a fine-mesh sieve that allows clean water (blood plasma) to pass through while trapping contaminants (urea and toxins) for disposal.
K-F-U: Kidneys Filter Urea
GFR=PxтАЛUxтАЛ├ЧVтАЛ тАФ where GFR is the Glomerular Filtration Rate, UxтАЛ is urine concentration, V is urine flow, and PxтАЛ is plasma concentration.
Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries and flows into millions of microscopic filtering units called nephrons. Within the glomerulus, high blood pressure forces water and solutes through a semi-permeable membrane into Bowman's capsule via ultrafiltration. Subsequently, the renal tubules perform selective reabsorption of essential nutrients like glucose and ions back into the bloodstream, while concentrated waste products are excreted as urine.
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
Kidneys also regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
The average adult has about 1 to 1.5 million nephrons per kidney.
Maintains blood pH balance.
Regulates blood volume and pressure.
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes like urea and creatinine.
Highly susceptible to damage from chronic high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes.
Hemodialysis (artificial blood filtration for kidney failure patients).
Diagnostic urine analysis to detect metabolic diseases.
Normal GFR for a healthy adult is approximately 125 mL/min.
Option A (Liver) primarily processes toxins and drugs but does not filter blood to produce urine. Option B (Heart) acts as a pump for circulation. Option D (Lungs) primarily facilitates gas exchange (O2тАЛ and CO2тАЛ).
C is correct тАФ The kidneys are the specialized organs that perform the continuous filtration of blood to maintain homeostasis.
Always differentiate between organs of gas exchange (Lungs), detoxification (Liver), and filtration (Kidneys) to avoid common MCQ traps in competitive exams.
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