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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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In shunt line compensation, the magnitude of critical receiving end voltage and critical power angle is
Stable
Deteriorates
Improve
Unstable
Improve
Quick Summary: Shunt line compensation involves adding reactive power elements like shunt capacitors or reactors to a transmission line. This configuration improves the voltage profile and increases the stability limit by modifying the receiving end voltage magnitude and reducing the power angle $\delta$ required to transmit a specific amount of power.
Shunt line compensation involves adding reactive power elements like shunt capacitors or reactors to a transmission line. This configuration improves the voltage profile and increases the stability limit by modifying the receiving end voltage magnitude and reducing the power angle δ required to transmit a specific amount of power.
P=X∣VS∣∣VR∣sinδ — Power transfer equation
Qshunt=V2⋅B — Reactive power compensation
Shunt capacitors compensate for inductive reactance and inject reactive power (Q=V2B), which boosts the receiving end voltage (VR). By increasing VR, the power transfer capability (P=XVSVRsinδ) is enhanced, which allows the line to maintain the same power flow at a smaller power angle δ, thereby improving both voltage stability and steady-state stability.
Shunt compensation is primarily used for voltage regulation.
It helps in maintaining the voltage profile along the transmission line.
The power angle δ is the phase difference between sending and receiving end voltages.
Smaller power angle δ implies higher transient and steady-state stability.
Improved voltage regulation
Increased steady-state stability limit
Reduced transmission losses during light load conditions
May cause overvoltage during low load conditions if not switched
Additional capital cost for reactive power equipment
Long EHV/UHV transmission lines
Weak power systems with heavy load fluctuations
The critical power angle is the maximum angular displacement before the system loses synchronism.
Option D (Unstable) is incorrect because compensation is specifically designed to stabilize the system.
Options A and B represent states of the system rather than the improvement effect sought by the installation of shunt devices.
C is correct — Shunt line compensation improves the magnitude of receiving end voltage and reduces the power angle to enhance system stability.
Always remember that shunt compensation fixes voltage at specific nodes, whereas series compensation is used to reduce the effective line impedance X to increase the power transfer limit.