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Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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ElectricalPower Generation
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The expression of critical receiving end voltage is

A

2 E cos δ c r i

B

E cos δ c r i

C

E 2 cos δ c r i

D

1 - E cos δ c r i

Correct Answer

Concept & PrincipleElectricalPower Generation
Option C

E2cosδcri

Quick Summary: The critical receiving end voltage is defined in the context of power system stability, specifically relating to the power-angle characteristic curve of a synchronous machine or transmission line. It represents the point where the power transfer limit is dictated by the voltage profile at the receiving end relative to the sending end excitation.

💡 Explanation

The critical receiving end voltage is defined in the context of power system stability, specifically relating to the power-angle characteristic curve of a synchronous machine or transmission line. It represents the point where the power transfer limit is dictated by the voltage profile at the receiving end relative to the sending end excitation.

🔢 Key Formulas

Vcri=E2cos⁡(δcri)V_{cri} = \frac{E}{2\cos(\delta_{cri})}Vcri​=2cos(δcri​)E​ — Formula for critical receiving end voltage

P=EVXsin⁡(δ)P = \frac{EV}{X}\sin(\delta)P=XEV​sin(δ) — Power-angle equation of a transmission line

⚙️ Working Principle

In a simple two-bus system, the power transfer is governed by the relation P=EVXsin⁡(δ)P = \frac{E V}{X} \sin(\delta)P=XEV​sin(δ). The stability limit often involves the relationship between the sending end voltage EEE, receiving end voltage VVV, and the power angle δ\deltaδ. When considering the steady-state stability limit conditions where the receiving end voltage is critical for maintaining synchronization, it is derived that Vcri=E2cos⁡(δcri)V_{cri} = \frac{E}{2\cos(\delta_{cri})}Vcri​=2cos(δcri​)E​.

📌 Key Points
  • ▸

    This relation is derived from the steady-state stability limit analysis.

  • ▸

    It assumes a lossless line represented by its reactance XXX.

  • ▸

    The term δcri\delta_{cri}δcri​ refers to the critical power angle at the limit of stability.

✅ Advantages
  • ▸

    Provides a direct estimation of voltage stability limits.

  • ▸

    Helps in designing reactive power compensation schemes.

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations
  • ▸

    Assumes a simplified model ignoring line resistance.

  • ▸

    Only applicable for steady-state stability analysis.

🛠️ Applications / Uses
  • ▸

    Power system load flow studies.

  • ▸

    Determination of static voltage stability margins.

📄 Additional Information
  • ▸

    Option A: Incorrect, introduces a factor of 2 in the numerator.

  • ▸

    Option B: Incorrect, represents a different limit condition.

  • ▸

    Option D: Incorrect, mathematically inconsistent with power system stability equations.

📊 Diagram / Illustration
Critical Receiving End VoltageE2 cos(δ꜀ᵣᵢ)
✅

C is correct — The critical receiving end voltage is mathematically expressed as E2cos⁡(δcri)\frac{E}{2\cos(\delta_{cri})}2cos(δcri​)E​.

Core Concepts Used
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Power System Stability Steady-State Stability Limit Voltage Control
💡 EXAM TIP

Always verify if the system model assumes a lossless line (R=0R=0R=0) before applying these simplified stability formulas, as inclusion of resistance significantly alters the voltage-angle relationship.

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