The load factor is

Question

The load factor is

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

Always less than unity

Explanation: The load factor is the ratio of average load to the maximum demand during a given period. Since the average load cannot exceed the maximum demand, the ratio is always less than unity (1).

Working Principle: In a power system, the maximum demand refers to the peak power required during a specific period, while the average load is the total energy consumed divided by time. Because the average load accounts for periods of low demand, it is mathematically constrained to be less than or equal to the peak demand. Thus, the ratio $\frac{	ext{Average Load}}{	ext{Maximum Demand}}$ never exceeds 1 in a practical power system.

Key Formulas: $	ext{Load Factor} = \frac{	ext{Average Load}}{	ext{Maximum Demand}}$; $	ext{Load Factor} = \frac{	ext{Energy Consumed in Time T}}{	ext{Maximum Demand} 	imes T}$

Key Points: A higher load factor indicates more efficient utilization of generating equipment.; The maximum possible value of the load factor is 1, which occurs if the load remains constant throughout the period.; It is a dimensionless quantity used to assess the efficiency of power plants.

Advantages: Indicates better utilization of plant capacity; Helps in reducing the overall cost of electricity generation

Disadvantages: Low load factor results in high fixed costs per unit of electricity generated

Applications: Used by utility companies for tariff structuring; Used in planning and sizing of power plant equipment

Additional Info: The load factor is always between 0 and 1.. Option B, C, and D are incorrect because the average load is fundamentally limited by the installed maximum demand, making values $> 1$ or $

Answer: A is correct — The load factor is defined as the ratio of average load to maximum demand, which cannot exceed unity in any practical electrical system.

Exam Tip: Always remember: Load factor $\leq 1$ and Diversity factor $\geq 1$; these are key metrics in power system economics.

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