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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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Types of static VAR compensators are
FC-TCR
TSC-TCR
Both a and b
None of above
Both a and b
Quick Summary: Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) are shunt-connected FACTS devices that regulate voltage by controlling the reactive power flow. They are typically implemented as hybrid configurations combining fixed capacitors and thyristor-controlled reactors to achieve a smooth range of inductive and capacitive compensation.
Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) are shunt-connected FACTS devices that regulate voltage by controlling the reactive power flow. They are typically implemented as hybrid configurations combining fixed capacitors and thyristor-controlled reactors to achieve a smooth range of inductive and capacitive compensation.
QTCR(α)=ωLV2(1−π2α−πsin(2α)) — Reactive power control based on thyristor firing angle α
Qnet=QC−QL(α) — Net reactive power balance at the point of common coupling
The FC-TCR (Fixed Capacitor-Thyristor Controlled Reactor) uses a fixed capacitor bank and a reactor controlled by thyristor firing angles to vary reactive power. The TSC-TCR (Thyristor Switched Capacitor-Thyristor Controlled Reactor) improves efficiency by switching discrete capacitor banks to minimize harmonics and losses while using the TCR for fine continuous control.
FC-TCR is the most common configuration for industrial and transmission voltage support.
TCRs generate harmonic currents that require filtering, whereas TSCs are stepped and inherently lower in harmonic generation.
SVC response time is typically in the range of 10 to 30 milliseconds.
The firing angle control α allows for continuous variation of the reactor current.
Rapid voltage regulation during transient disturbances
Continuous control of reactive power flow
Improved power factor and stability margins
Generation of harmonic distortion (especially in TCRs)
High capital cost compared to mechanical compensation
Requires complex control logic for firing angles
Voltage stability enhancement in long transmission lines
Flicker compensation for arc furnaces
Dynamic voltage support for industrial loads
| Feature | FC-TCR | TSC-TCR |
|---|---|---|
Control Mechanism | Hybrid (Fixed + Variable) | Hybrid (Stepped + Variable) |
FC-TCR is considered the most cost-effective solution for many utility applications.
TSC-TCR is technically superior for reducing overall system losses but significantly more expensive due to multiple thyristor switches.
C is correct — Both FC-TCR and TSC-TCR are recognized topologies of Static VAR Compensators used in power systems.
Remember that SVCs are 'shunt' devices. Always distinguish them from 'series' devices like TCSC, which control line impedance rather than bus voltage.