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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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Which of the following methods is/are used for reactive or voltage compensation
Shunt capacitor
Series capacitor
Generation excitation control
All of the above
All of the above
Quick Summary: Reactive power compensation is essential to maintain stable voltage profiles across power transmission and distribution networks. By injecting or absorbing reactive power, system operators can regulate voltage levels, improve power factor, and enhance overall power transfer capacity.
Reactive power compensation is essential to maintain stable voltage profiles across power transmission and distribution networks. By injecting or absorbing reactive power, system operators can regulate voltage levels, improve power factor, and enhance overall power transfer capacity.
Qc=V2ωC — Reactive power supplied by a shunt capacitor
Qs=I2Xc — Reactive power compensation in series capacitor
V=Ef−I(R+jXs) — Voltage regulation relationship in a synchronous machine
Shunt capacitors provide reactive power to support voltage at weak load buses, while series capacitors compensate for the line inductive reactance to increase power transfer capability. Generation excitation control, specifically using Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), adjusts the field current of synchronous generators to modify the reactive power output and regulate terminal voltage.
Shunt compensation primarily regulates local voltage levels.
Series compensation is used to increase the stability limit (Pmax=XL−XCV1V2).
Excitation control is the primary method for voltage regulation at the source.
Reactive power balance is vital to prevent voltage collapse.
Improved voltage profile
Reduced line losses
Increased power transfer capability
Over-compensation can cause excessive voltage rise
Potential for sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) with series capacitors
Transmission lines
Distribution feeders
Power generating stations
Shunt capacitors are connected in parallel with the load.
Series capacitors are connected in series with the transmission line.
Excitation control adjusts internal EMF Ef by varying the DC field current.
D is correct — All listed methods are standard techniques employed in power systems to maintain bus voltages within acceptable operational limits.
Always remember: Shunt compensation controls voltage at a specific bus, while series compensation acts to reduce the effective impedance of the transmission line to enhance stability.