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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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Which part of the wind turbines senses wind speed, wind direction, shaft speed and torque?
Turbine blade
Shaft
Rotor
Controller
Controller
Quick Summary: The controller is the central nervous system of a wind turbine that continuously monitors sensor inputs to ensure safe and efficient operation. It evaluates real-time data such as wind speed, wind direction (via anemometer and wind vane), shaft speed, and torque to optimize power output and structural integrity.
The controller is the central nervous system of a wind turbine that continuously monitors sensor inputs to ensure safe and efficient operation. It evaluates real-time data such as wind speed, wind direction (via anemometer and wind vane), shaft speed, and torque to optimize power output and structural integrity.
P=21ρAv3Cp — Power extracted from wind, where ρ is density, A is swept area, v is wind velocity, and Cp is the power coefficient regulated by the controller.
The controller executes complex algorithms to manage the turbine's state, including yaw control to align with wind direction and pitch control to regulate rotational speed. When wind speeds exceed safe operational limits (cut-out speed), the controller initiates braking or feathering of blades to prevent damage. It continuously compares input signals against predefined setpoints to adjust actuators accordingly.
The anemometer measures wind speed, and the wind vane measures wind direction.
The controller manages the Yaw system to keep the rotor perpendicular to the wind.
Pitch control is used to maintain constant rotor speed above rated wind speed.
The controller performs safety shutdowns during faults (e.g., grid loss, overspeed).
Optimizes energy capture under varying wind conditions.
Protects the mechanical structure from extreme loads.
Complex control logic requires high-reliability hardware.
Sensor failures can lead to sub-optimal power generation or downtime.
Onshore and Offshore Wind Farms
Small-scale Residential Wind Turbines
Sensors usually include an anemometer for wind speed, a wind vane for direction, and encoders on the shaft for RPM.
Option A (Blade) is the aerodynamic component; Option B (Shaft) transmits power; Option C (Rotor) consists of blades and the hub.
D is correct — The controller acts as the central processing unit that processes inputs from various sensors to govern turbine operation.
Always remember that sensors provide the input data, whereas the controller performs the decision-making logic in all power plant control systems.