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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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For low head and high discharge, the hydraulic turbine used is
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
Pelton wheel
Jonual turbine
Kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine specifically designed for low-head and high-discharge conditions. It utilizes adjustable runner blades that allow it to maintain high efficiency across a wide range of flow rates.
The Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine specifically designed for low-head and high-discharge conditions. It utilizes adjustable runner blades that allow it to maintain high efficiency across a wide range of flow rates.
Ns=H5/4NP — Specific speed formula for turbine classification
Q=A⋅v — Discharge continuity equation
The turbine operates on the reaction principle where water flows axially through the runner. As water passes through the adjustable blades, a pressure drop occurs, transferring kinetic and potential energy to the runner. The pitch of the blades can be adjusted dynamically based on the flow rate to maintain optimal hydraulic efficiency.
Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine.
Suitable for heads below 30 meters.
High specific speed allows for large volume handling.
Features adjustable runner blades for variable load efficiency.
High efficiency at partial loads.
Compact design for low-head sites.
Capable of handling very high flow rates.
Complex design due to moving runner blades.
Prone to cavitation at high velocities.
Not suitable for high-head applications.
Run-of-river power plants.
Low-head hydroelectric irrigation projects.
| Feature | Kaplan | Pelton |
|---|---|---|
Head Type | Low Head | High Head |
Flow Type | Axial | Tangential |
Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type turbine with adjustable blades.
Francis turbine is used for medium heads (30-300m).
Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine used for high heads (>300m).
A is correct — The Kaplan turbine is specifically engineered for low-head and high-discharge hydraulic conditions.
Remember the hierarchy of head: Pelton (High), Francis (Medium), Kaplan (Low). Specific speed increases as head decreases.