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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
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The investment and operating cost of transmission line are recovered by
Excess charge which are usually paid by every users within the area or region
Transmission usage charges based on line flows contributed by each user
Both a and b
None of above
Both a and b
Quick Summary: In competitive power system electricity markets, transmission cost recovery involves a dual-mechanism approach. It combines fixed access charges (postage stamp or regional charges) to cover long-term infrastructure investment (fixed costs) and variable usage-based charges (locational marginal pricing or flow-based tariffs) to manage congestion and operational costs.
In competitive power system electricity markets, transmission cost recovery involves a dual-mechanism approach. It combines fixed access charges (postage stamp or regional charges) to cover long-term infrastructure investment (fixed costs) and variable usage-based charges (locational marginal pricing or flow-based tariffs) to manage congestion and operational costs.
TC=Cfixed+Cvariable — Total Cost recovery formula where Cfixed is capital recovery and Cvariable represents operational flow-based costs.
The principle of transmission pricing is based on cost-causality. Fixed infrastructure costs are typically recovered through a fixed access charge shared by all participants connected to the grid (ensuring system stability), while usage charges incentivize efficient grid utilization by charging based on the specific physical paths and congestion levels induced by power transactions.
Fixed charges ensure that utility companies can amortize the heavy capital expenditure of high-voltage transmission lines.
Usage-based charges (like Nodal Pricing or Congestion Management) provide economic signals to generators and consumers about grid bottlenecks.
The combination of these methods ensures both revenue adequacy for the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and economic efficiency for the market.
Ensures full recovery of long-term capital assets.
Encourages efficient use of existing transmission infrastructure by pricing congestion.
Complexity in implementation and regulatory oversight.
Potential for conflict between small and large users regarding fairness of fixed charges.
Open Access Electricity Markets
Independent System Operator (ISO) grid management
Option A focuses on the recovery of fixed (CAPEX) costs.
Option B focuses on the recovery of marginal or operational (OPEX/Congestion) costs.
Modern power systems utilize a hybrid model (C) to satisfy both financial and operational objectives.
C is correct — The recovery of transmission costs in deregulated markets is achieved through a combination of fixed access charges to cover infrastructure investment and usage-based charges to manage operational flows.
In competitive exams, always identify if the question refers to 'CAPEX' (usually fixed access charges) or 'OPEX/Congestion' (usually flow-based charges) to pinpoint the correct cost recovery model.